Abstract: A porous transport layer is disclosed. The porous transport layer includes a base layer containing a titanium family element, a first coating layer disposed on one surface of the base layer and containing iridium (Ir), and a second coating layer disposed on the other surface of the base layer, and containing at least one of platinum (Pt), gold (Au), and silver (Ag), and a method for preparing the same.

Abstract: Provided is an aerogel blanket and a method for producing the same, wherein a catalyzed sol is sufficiently and uniformly impregnated into a blanket in an impregnation tank, and the catalyzed sol is allowed to stay in the impregnation tank for a specific time to control fluidity while achieving a viscosity at which the catalyzed sol can be easily introduced into the blanket, thereby forming a uniform aerogel in the blanket. As a result, the uniformity of pore structure and thermal insulation performance of an aerogel blanket are improved, the loss of raw materials is reduced through the impregnation process, the occurrence of process problems is reduced, and the generation of dust is reduced.

Abstract: Provided is an aerogel blanket and a method for producing the same, wherein a catalyzed sol I sufficiently and uniformly impregnated into a blanket in an impregnation tank, and the catalyzed sol is allowed to stay in the impregnation tank for a specific time to control fluidity while achieving a viscosity at which the catalyzed sol can be easily introduced into the blanket, thereby forming a uniform aerogel in the blanket. As a result, the uniformity of pore structure and thermal insulation performance of an aerogel blanket are improved, the loss of raw materials is reduced through the impregnation process, the occurrence of process problems is reduced, and the generation of dust is reduced.

Abstract: A communication method according to the present embodiment is a communication method between a first side and a second side operating with a clock provided by the first side, and includes a phase calibration step, a step of transmitting a command packet to the second side by the first side, and a data transmission and reception step of transceiving data packets according to the command packet between the first side and the second side. The phase calibration step is performed to calibrate phases of a transmit sampling clock of the first side and a receive sampling clock of the first side.

Abstract: A communication method according to the present embodiment is a communication method between a first side and a second side operating with a clock provided by the first side, and includes a phase calibration step, a step of transmitting a command packet to the second side by the first side, and a data transmission and reception step of transceiving data packets according to the command packet between the first side and the second side. The phase calibration step is performed to calibrate phases of a transmit sampling clock of the first side and a receive sampling clock of the first side.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a current cell circuit in a digital-analog converter. According to embodiments, a current cell circuit in a digital-analog converter may include a current source connected to a power voltage terminal to generate current having a predetermined magnitude, a first current switch transferring current provided from the current source to a first output terminal, a first current generator detecting output voltage from the first output terminal and generating the amount of reduced current from the detected voltage, and a first current supplier supplying the amount of current generated from the first current generator to the first current switch. According to embodiments, current variations at a constant output voltage may be minimized. This may make it possible to obtain more stable frequency characteristics.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a current cell circuit in a digital-analog converter. According to embodiments, a current cell circuit in a digital-analog converter may include a current source connected to a power voltage terminal to generate current having a predetermined magnitude, a first current switch transferring current provided from the current source to a first output terminal, a first current generator detecting output voltage from the first output terminal and generating the amount of reduced current from the detected voltage, and a first current supplier supplying the amount of current generated from the first current generator to the first current switch. According to embodiments, current variations at a constant output voltage may be minimized. This may make it possible to obtain more stable frequency characteristics.

Abstract: A voltage controlled oscillator may include a plurality of inverting units connected in serial and connected between a first and a second voltage sources to produce an oscillating frequency. Each of the inverting units may have a first current source for producing a constant current that may determine an oscillating frequency, a switching inverter connected between the first voltage source and the first current source that may produce a current having a phase opposite to an output current from a preceding inverting unit, and a frequency adjuster that may control the oscillating frequency by charging and/or discharging the current from the inverting unit.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for manufacturing a band stop filter are disclosed. In one aspect, the method uses hologram lithography to produce the band stop filter of a smaller size without the need of a mask.