Abstract: A polarizing plate and an optical display apparatus including the same are provided. A polarizing plate includes a polarizer; and a first retardation layer and a second retardation layer sequentially stacked on a lower surface of the polarizer, and the first retardation layer has an in-plane retardation of about 180 nm to about 220 nm at a wavelength of about 550 nm; and the second retardation layer has an in-plane retardation of about 80 nm to about 100 nm at a wavelength of about 550 nm.

Abstract: A brake device that pressurizes a brake pad as brake fluid in a master cylinder operates a caliper piston by a master piston that operates by receiving power of a driving motor of a brake module kit in the present disclosure applies a brake module kit to various types of caliper bodies and commonizes the brake module kit.

Abstract: Provided is a polarizing plate and an optical display device comprising same, the polarizing plate comprising: a polarizer; and a stack body of a first phase difference layer and a second phase difference layer stacked on a lower surface of the polarizer, wherein the first phase difference layer satisfies Equation 1, the second phase difference layer satisfies Equation 2, the sum of an in-plane phase difference at a wavelength of 550 nm between the first phase difference layer and the second phase difference layer is about 100 nm to about 110 nm, the sum of a thickness direction phase difference at a wavelength of 550 nm between the first phase difference layer and the second phase difference layer is about ?30 nm to about +10 nm, and the second phase difference layer comprises a fluorine-based phase difference layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a lightweight high-strength material using a shell fragment and to a material. According to the present invention, fragments are collected from shells and are laminated or aligned in a regular array using an adhesive, thereby manufacturing a material that is light and has excellent mechanical characteristics. The present invention is advantageous in that use of waste shells reduces related costs and solves environmental problems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for generating a three-dimensional image of a polymer substance. The three-dimensional image generating apparatus of the present invention comprises: a specimen state adjustor for adjusting a temperature or pressure of a solid specimen in order to maintain, in a solid state, the solid specimen including a plurality of polymer substances; an image collector for collecting a partial image of the plurality of polymer substances exposed on a surface of the solid specimen; a low molecule image database for storing an image of an element low molecule substance; and an image processor for generating a three-dimensional image of the polymer substance by matching the collected partial image with an image in the low molecule image database.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus and a method for measuring whether organic matter is present or whether or not organisms (cells or tissue) are alive using infrared absorption spectroscopic analysis. The measurement apparatus of the invention includes an infrared light source for radiating infrared rays on a sample, an infrared detection unit for detecting the infrared rays transmitted or reflected from the sample, and a determination unit for identifying an amide infrared absorption peak of the sample using the detected infrared rays and for determining whether organic matter is present or whether organisms are alive or not in the sample using the identified amide infrared absorption peak. In this invention, a reagent is not used, simple measurement is performed, quantification is feasible, and the presence or absence of cells or tissues and changes in the life and death can be consecutively measured for the same sample.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for generating a three-dimensional image of a polymer substance. The three-dimensional image generating apparatus of the present invention comprises: a specimen state adjustor for adjusting a temperature or pressure of a solid specimen in order to maintain, in a solid state, the solid specimen including a plurality of polymer substances; an image collector for collecting a partial image of the plurality of polymer substances exposed on a surface of the solid specimen; a low molecule image database for storing an image of an element low molecule substance; and an image processor for generating a three-dimensional image of the polymer substance by matching the collected partial image with an image in the low molecule image database.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing microplates from shells. The production method of the present invention includes a step of treating pulverized shells with an alkaline solution, thereby separating microplates of shells, and a step of producing microplates in the form of precipitate from the solution.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus and a method for measuring whether organic matter is present or whether or not organisms (cells or tissue) are alive using infrared absorption spectroscopic analysis. The measurement apparatus of the invention includes an infrared light source for radiating infrared rays on a sample, an infrared detection unit for detecting the infrared rays transmitted or reflected from the sample, and a determination unit for identifying an amide infrared absorption peak of the sample using the detected infrared rays and for determining whether organic matter is present or whether organisms are alive or not in the sample using the identified amide infrared absorption peak. In this invention, a reagent is not used, simple measurement is performed, quantification is feasible, and the presence or absence of cells or tissues and changes in the life and death can be consecutively measured for the same sample.

Abstract: The present invention provides the method and apparatus to acquire three-dimensional images of cells. The present invention comprises (a) preparing the solid-state specimen containing (i) cells, (ii) viruses, (iii) the liquid containing the cells, or (iv) the liquid containing the viruses; (b) acquiring the surface information on the said solid-state specimen; (c) removing the surface of the said solid-state specimen and forming a new surface; and (d) acquiring the information on the new surface. According to the present invention, provided is the cell imaging method to acquire information to grasp practically the condition of the cell. Also, the present invention can provide information on the molecules and atoms consisting various biomolecules and organelles present in the cells. Furthermore, the present invention can provide the information on the interaction between the biomolecules present in the cells and the organic relationship among intracellular organelles.

Abstract: The present invention provides the method and apparatus to acquire three-dimensional images of cells. The present invention comprises (a) preparing the solid-state specimen containing (i) cells, (ii) viruses, (iii) the liquid containing the cells, or (iv) the liquid containing the viruses; (b) acquiring the surface information on the said solid-state specimen; (c) removing the surface of the said solid-state specimen and forming a new surface; and (d) acquiring the information on the new surface. According to the present invention, provided is the cell imaging method to acquire information to grasp practically the condition of the cell. Also, the present invention can provide information on the molecules and atoms consisting various biomolecules and organelles present in the cells. Furthermore, the present invention can provide the information on the interaction between the biomolecules present in the cells and the organic relationship among intracellular organelles.

Abstract: A method of measuring a relative phase of a bio-cell using a digital image sensor, comprising the steps of firstly filtering a light emitted from a light source, using a first polarizer and a first wave plate, which are arranged in order in a optical path, exposing a bio-cell to the firstly filtered light, secondly filtering the light passing through the bio-cell, using a second wave plate and a second polarizer, which are arranged in order in the optical path, and sensing an intensity of the secondly filtered light, by each of pixels of the image sensor, wherein, as conditions of the second filtering are varied, optical properties of the bio-cell are calculated using the intensity of the light in a pixel-wise manner.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of selecting and separating normal cells and specific cells by using ultrasonic waves. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of selecting and separating normal cells and cancer cells, or normal cells and stem cells by using a difference in attenuation coefficients, speed of sound and so on in normal cells and specific cells obtained when ultrasonic waves are radiated. The method of the present invention is capable of selecting and separating normal cells and specific cells (cancer cells or stem cells) in a simple and efficient manner.

Abstract: A cell separating apparatus that can easily separate target cells contained in a fluid is provided. Target cells and a fluid are injected through a storage hole, and ejected to the outside of a rotation disk under the influence of a centrifugal force of the rotation disk. An electric field is applied to the outside of the rotation disk, and the target cells are gathered at a different position from the fluid due to di-electrophoresis. In addition, pivot arms placed at an outer surface of the rotation disk are open, and the open pivot arms collect the target cells. The collected target cell flow in a different storage portion through a fluid flow path. As a result, the target cells can be easily separated.

Abstract: A method of measuring a relative phase of a bio-cell using a digital image sensor, comprising the steps of firstly filtering a light emitted from a light source, using a first polarizer and a first wave plate, which are arranged in order in a optical path, exposing a bio-cell to the firstly filtered light, secondly filtering the light passing through the bio-cell, using a second wave plate and a second polarizer, which are arranged in order in the optical path, and sensing an intensity of the secondly filtered light, by each of pixels of the image sensor, wherein, as conditions of the second filtering are varied, optical properties of the bio-cell are calculated using the intensity of the light in a pixel-wise manner.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of selecting and separating normal cells and specific cells by using ultrasonic waves. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of selecting and separating normal cells and cancer cells, or normal cells and stem cells by using a difference in attenuation coefficients, speed of sound and so on in normal cells and specific cells obtained when ultrasonic waves are radiated. The method of the present invention is capable of selecting and separating normal cells and specific cells (cancer cells or stem cells) in a simple and efficient manner.

Abstract: A cell separating apparatus that can easily separate target cells contained in a fluid is provided. Target cells and a fluid are injected through a storage hole, and ejected to the outside of a rotation disk under the influence of a centrifugal force of the rotation disk. An electric field is applied to the outside of the rotation disk, and the target cells are gathered at a different position from the fluid due to di-electrophoresis. In addition, pivot arms placed at an outer surface of the rotation disk are open, and the open pivot arms collect the target cells. The collected target cell flow in a different storage portion through a fluid flow path. As a result, the target cells can be easily separated.

Abstract: Disclosed is a microlens manufacturing method which comprises the step of: positioning a X-ray mask for manufacturing the microlens on an substrate on which a sensitive film is formed, and arranging a rotation axis of the substrate and a central axis of the X-ray mask; applying X-rays to the X-ray mask to expose the sensitive film while fixing the X-ray mask and rotating the substrate; developing the sensitive film to form the microlens; performing an electroplating process on the plating base to form a metal layer; and separating the metal layer from the sensitive film structure and combining the metal layer with a mold frame for injection molding the microlens and manufacturing an injection mold.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave detecting device includes a dipole antenna having a pair of disjointed arms for receiving an electromagnetic wave and a thermocouple having a first and a second leg of two dissimilar conductors, for detecting the electromagnetic wave received by the arms of the antenna.