Abstract: A method for performing reinforcement learning by a V2X communication device in an autonomous driving system, specifically, a method for performing reinforcement learning in consideration of an application rate of a reward according to age in terms of the freshness of a reward for an action, is proposed. An agent transmits an action message and controls a reflection rate of a reward through AoI management for a reward message, so that rewards transmitted from a plurality of devices are suitably reflected in an environment of a reinforcement learning-based autonomous driving system, and an optimal policy can be found accordingly.

Abstract: A transmission device in a wireless communication system: maps respective reference signals for a plurality of antennas to frequency resources; and transmits the reference signals on the frequency resources. Mapping the reference signals to the frequency resources comprises mapping the reference signals such that: (i) the frequency difference between a frequency resource fm,n for a reference signal of an antenna Vm,n and a frequency resource fm?1,n for a reference signal of an antenna Vm?1,n is ?fm; and (ii) the frequency difference between the frequency resource fm,n and a frequency resource fm,n?1 for a reference signal of an antenna Vm,n?1 is ?fn, wherein m is an antenna index along a first direction, and n is an antenna index along a second direction orthogonal to the first direction.

Abstract: A receiver used in an optical wireless communication system is provided. The receiver comprises: a receiving aperture for receiving an optical signal; a coupler for separating the optical signal received by means of the receiving aperture into a main signal and a sensing signal; a sensor for determining a control voltage Vo on the basis of the sensing signal; and a detector for outputting an electric signal which is an output voltage V on the basis of the main signal and control voltage Vo. The detector is formed such that the transfer function of the detector changes on the basis of the control voltage Vo.

Abstract: The present specification provides a method, performed by an apparatus, for transmitting at least one beam in a wireless communication system, the method comprising transmitting the at least one beam to another apparatus and receiving information about a result of measuring the at least one beam from the other apparatus, wherein the at least one beam is a beam generated on the basis of a signal synthesized from a laser signal being incident on a meta surface from a power controller, the laser signal consists of a plurality of frequency components, the synthesized signal is a signal in which power amplification is applied to each of the plurality of frequency components, and the power amplification is applied on the basis of the intensity regarding each of the plurality of frequency components.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for aligning gradient symbols by using bias regarding AirComp in a signal amplitude range of a receiver. A method for aligning gradient symbols according to an embodiment of the present disclosure comprises the steps of: performing iteration of gradient values included in a first planar vector and applying clipping and bias values so as to obtain a second planar vector having gradient values in which symbols are aligned; and transmitting the second planar vector together with channel information to a server in the form of AirComp. Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be linked to an artificial intelligence module, a drone (unmanned aerial vehicle, UAV), a robot, an augmented reality (AR) device, a virtual reality (VR) device, a device related to a 5G service, and the like.

Abstract: Disclosed is a communication method for distributed learning by which a server derives a final learning result on the basis of learning results of a plurality of devices. A communication method for distributed learning, according to the present disclosure, comprises steps in which: a server receives position information about each of a plurality of devices; the server configures, on the basis of the position information, a primary group including at least two primary devices from among the plurality of devices; the server configures, on the basis of channel state information, a secondary group including at least one secondary device from among the primary devices; and secondary devices belonging to different secondary groups use different time slots or different frequency regions to communicate with the server by a non-orthogonal scheme.

Abstract: A method for performing low density parity check (LDPC) coding of a transmitter in a wireless communication system, according to the present disclosure, may comprise the steps of: acquiring a proto-matrix corresponding to a protograph; on the basis of weights and lifting factors of columns of the proto-matrix, acquiring one or more permuted vectors corresponding to each of the columns, a first permuted vector included in the one or more permuted vectors having been randomly generated; distributing the one or more permuted vectors for each row of a corresponding column; on the basis of the distributed one or more permuted vectors, acquiring a plurality of lifted sub matrices corresponding to a plurality of elements of the proto-matrix; generating a base graph on the basis of the plurality of lifted sub matrices; generating a parity check matrix (PCM) on the basis of the base graph; and performing LDPC coding by using the PCM.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for controlling, by a terminal, an operation of a deep neural network in a wireless communication system. The method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure receives a downlink from abase station in a wireless communication system; and preprocesses the downlink on the basis of the result of an operation of a deep neural network of a terminal, wherein at least one reference signal is applied to the downlink while a statistical feature related to noise of the downlink are maintained. The terminal of the present disclosure may be linked to an artificial intelligence module, a drone (unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)), a robot, an augmented reality (AR) device, a virtual reality (VR) device, a device related to 6G services, and the like.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method by which a terminal controls the calculations of a deep neural network in a wireless communication system. A method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure receives a downlink from a base station of a wireless communication system by using a multi input multi output (MIMO) operation, pre-processes the downlink on the basis of a result of calculations of a deep neural network in a terminal, acquires the number of a plurality of transmission antennas connected to the terminal, acquires the number of a plurality of reception antennas connected to the terminal, and forms a plurality of overlapping neural networks overlapping in the deep neural network, on the basis of a preset number of reference antennas, the number of transmission antennas, and the number of reception antennas.

Abstract: A method for supporting a rate-compatible non-binary LDPC code, performed by a wireless device, according to the present embodiment, comprises the steps of: acquiring a kernel part comprising a plurality of first check nodes and a plurality of first variable nodes, the kernel part having a predetermined first code rate applied thereto, and the level of each of the plurality of first variable nodes included in the kernel part being set to 2; and generating, on the basis of the kernel part, a protograph having a second code rate, when a change from the first code rate to the second code rate is required.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a beamforming method performed by a wireless device having an array antenna in a wireless communication system comprises the steps of: calculating a phase related to a target beamforming direction; determining antenna patterns related to the target beamforming direction from among antenna patterns preconfigured in relation to beamforming; and applying, to the array antenna, an antenna pattern based on the phase from among the antenna patterns related to the target beamforming direction. Each antenna included in the array antenna includes multiple feeding points and a variable reactance element connected to at least one feeding point among the multiple feeding points. The antenna pattern is related to at least one of i) a selection of at least one feeding point among the multiple feeding points and ii) a reactance value of the variable reactance element.

Abstract: The present specification discloses a method and device. The method, which is for transmitting side information in a wireless communication system and performed by a terminal, comprises the steps of: transmitting a random access (RA) preamble to a base station; receiving a random access response (RAR) from the base station; performing a radio resource control (RRC) connection procedure with the base station; and establishing a digital transmission link with the base station, wherein the terminal acquires local gradient information about at least one resource, acquires side information from the local gradient information, and transmits the side information to the base station via the digital transmission link.

Abstract: The present specification provides a method for estimating a quantum bit error rate (QBER) for key information, performed by a device in a quantum cryptography communication system, the method and device being characterized by: receiving a random access (RA) preamble from another device; transmitting a random access response (RAR) to the other device, in response to the RA preamble, performing a radio resource control (RRC) connection process with the other device; receiving data from the other device; and decoding the data on the basis of the key information, wherein the key information is determined on the basis of estimation of the QBER, and the device estimates the QBER on the basis of first two-dimensional parity information received from the other device through a public channel.

Abstract: The present specification provides a method for transmitting at least one beam, performed by a device, in a wireless communication system, in which the at least one beam is transmitted to another device and a measurement result of the at least one beam is received from the another device, wherein the at least one beam is a beam generated on the basis of a laser signal being incident on the metasurface, the laser signal passing through a phase controller or a delay controller before being incident on the metasurface.

Abstract: The present specification provides a method and a device, the method, performed by a device, for transmitting a first pulse train in a quantum communication system being characterized by: receiving a random access (RA) preamble from another device; transmitting an RA response (RAR) to the other device as a response to the RA preamble; performing a radio resource control (RRC) connection process with the other device; receiving data from the other device; and decoding the data on the basis of key information, wherein a first pulse train is generated in a laser diode of the device, and the key information is determined on the basis that the first pulse train passes through both a first path and a second path and is then transmitted from the device to the other device via a quantum channel.

Abstract: The present specification relates to a method and a device for randomizing a signal that satisfies ?-differential privacy, the method receiving a signal having a specific value of a bit error rate (BER), and generating a randomized signal on the basis of the signal, and then transmitting the randomized signal to a machine learning server. If a differential privacy mechanism is provided in a physical layer, true randomness of a wireless channel causes security to be less vulnerable than that of a pseudo random mechanism provided by an application, communication delay is reduced, and the power of the device can be reduced.

Abstract: A method for estimating a phase noise by a wireless device in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure comprises the steps of: receiving a pre-configured pilot signal and a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS); calculating a first phase noise on the basis of the pre-configured pilot signal; calculating a common phase error (CPE) on the basis of the phase tracking reference signal (PTRS); and estimating a phase noise (PN) on the basis of the first phase noise and the common phase error (CPE). The PN is estimated through interpolation based on a specific reference point, and the specific reference point is based on the first phase noise and the CPE.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for transmitting and receiving channel state information in wireless communication system and an apparatus therefor. Specifically, a method for transmitting, by a user equipment (UE), Channel State Information (CSI) in a wireless communication system may include: receiving, from a base station, a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) through multiple antenna ports; and reporting, to the base station, CSI, in which the CSI may include selection information indicating a plurality of codewords used for generating a precoding matrix in a codebook for reporting the CSI, and a power coefficient, a phase offset, and a phase shift value applied to each of the plurality of codewords in terms of a configured bandwidth, and the precoding matrix may be generated in units of subbands within the configured bandwidth based on a linear combination of the power coefficient, the phase offset, and the phase change value.

Abstract: A method for receiving downlink data by the terminal in a wireless communication system, includes receiving, from a base station, downlink control information for scheduling a short physical downlink shared channel (sPDSCH) on a short physical downlink control channel (sPDCCH), and receiving, from the base station, downlink data on the sPDSCH based on the downlink control information. Here, the sPDCCH and the sPDSCH are based on a first transmission time interval (TTI)-based radio frame structure, wherein the first TTI-based radio frame structure is shorter in time than a second TTI-based radio frame structure related to (i) a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and (ii) a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). Further, a number of resource element groups (REGs) consisting of a control channel element (CCE) related to the sPDCCH is smaller than a number of resource element groups (REGs) composed of a CCE related to the PDCCH.

Abstract: Provided are a device and a method for estimating an angle of arrival (AoA) and an angle of departure (AoD) in a communication system having 1-bit quantization.