Abstract: A vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication-based electronic toll collection system (ETCS) according to an embodiment of the present invention includes at least one roadside unit (RSU), a token issuer checking a de-identified token of a vehicle by communicating with an on-board unit (OBU) of the vehicle via the at least one roadside unit, and a clearing house communicating with the token issuer and charging a toll to a driver/owner of the vehicle. The token issuer generates toll information of the vehicle based on the de-identified token of the vehicle and location information of the at least one roadside unit involved in checking the de-identified token.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a fine metal mask includes the steps of a) patterning a plated resist on a substrate, b) forming a metal plated layer on the substrate exposed through the patterned plated resist, c) removing the patterned plated resist after step b), and d) separating the metal plated layer and the substrate. In step a), a cross-section of the plated resist is formed into a trapezoidal shape.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a carbon-based thin film shadow mask includes the steps of a) forming a buffer layer on a substrate, b) depositing a metal layer on the buffer layer and then patterning the metal layer, c) forming an amorphous carbon layer on the patterned metal layer, d) forming a crystalline carbon layer on the buffer layer by switching the metal layer and the amorphous carbon layer, e) removing the amorphous carbon layer exposed to the outside, f) removing the metal layer, and g) separating the buffer layer and the crystalline carbon layer.

Abstract: A polishing slurry and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device using the polishing slurry. The polishing slurry includes plate-shaped particles having a Mohs hardness of less than or equal to about 5, and a spherical abrasive. The plate-shaped particles have a thermal conductivity in a dimensional direction of greater than or equal to about 10 W/mK, and the plate-shaped particles have a larger average particle size than the spherical abrasive. Also, the plate-shaped particles and the spherical abrasive are not chemically bonded to the other.

Abstract: The object of the present disclosure aims to reduce power consumption and improve resolution and contrast ratio by implementing a smaller unit block for dimming in the area that the user perceives as the main area.

Abstract: Provided is a gate driving circuit comprising an N-th stage and an N+1-th stage. The N-th stage outputs an N-th scan gate signal based on an N-th scan clock signal, a voltage of a QN node, and a voltage of a QBN node and to output an N-th carry signal based on an N-th carry clock signal, the voltage of the QN node, and the voltage of the QBN node. The N+1-th stage outputs an N+1-th scan gate signal based on an N+1-th scan clock signal, a voltage of a QN+1 node, and the voltage of the QBN node and an N+1-th carry signal based on an N+1-th carry clock signal, the voltage of the QN+1 node, and the voltage of the QBN node. The N-th stage and the N+1-th stage share an inverting circuit. The inverting circuit controls the QBN node based on a third signal. N is a positive integer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for detecting smoke using multi-angle light scattering. The apparatus includes a light source array in which a plurality of light sources outputting optical signals of a same wavelength are arranged at a regular interval and configured to output the optical signals at different irradiation angles to smoke particles, a lens configured to divert optical paths of the optical signals output from each of the plurality of light sources included in the light source array, an optical detector configured to measure the optical signals that pass through the lens and are scattered and absorbed by the smoke particles, and a computing device configured to classify types of the smoke particles using a scattering coefficient and an absorption coefficient of the smoke particles determined through the measured optical signals.

Abstract: An intra prediction mode encoding and decoding method, an image decoding device, and an image encoding device operate by deriving most probable modes (MPMs) from surrounding prediction units adjacent to a current prediction unit and deriving an intra prediction mode of the current prediction unit on the basis of an MPM flag indicating whether an MPM having the same prediction mode as the intra prediction mode of the current prediction unit exists among the derived MPMs.

Abstract: A sensor shifting module is provided. The sensor shifting module includes a fixed body; a first movable body movably disposed in the fixed body; a second movable body movably disposed on the first movable body and coupled to an image sensor having an imaging plane oriented in a first direction; and a first driver configured to move the first movable body in a direction orthogonal to the first direction with respect to the fixed body; a second driver configured to rotate the first movable body about an axis parallel to the first direction with respect to the fixed body; and a third driver configured to rotate the second movable body to rotate about an axis orthogonal to the first direction with respect to the first movable body.

Abstract: Provided is a modular experiment automation system including a main computer, a material synthesis module, and a material analysis module. The main computer interacts with a material synthesis module and a material analysis module. Upon a start request, it provides synthesis instructions for a target material. Once synthesis is complete, it instructs the analysis module to analyze the material. Based on the analysis results, if the error exceeds a threshold, it generates a new synthesis condition and re-initiates synthesis.

Abstract: A dish washer includes: a tub configured to receive an object to be washed and providing a washing space having an opening at a front side of the tub, a door configured to rotate relative to the tub between (i) a closing position that closes the opening of the washing space and (ii) a full opening position that exposes an entirety of the opening of the washing space, a door position sensor configured to sense a position of the door, a dry air supply configured to selectively generate a high-temperature dry air or a low-temperature dry air and supply the high-temperature dry air or the low-temperature dry air into the tub, and a controller configured to determine, based on the position of the door sensed by the door position sensor, whether to supply the high-temperature dry air or the low-temperature dry air.

Abstract: A device for adjusting a position of a seat for a purpose built vehicle for mobility services allows a seatback to be mounted on an inner wall surface of a vehicle body in an adjustable manner. The device also includes a seat cushion fixed on a floor panel in an adjustable manner. The device is capable of adjusting the seat to various desired positions such as a storage position for cargo loading, a general seating position, a position of a comfortable posture for relaxation, a bed position, and the like.

Abstract: An embodiment vibration motor assembly of a seat includes a vibration motor and an upper housing disposed around the vibration motor to hold and fix the vibration motor, the upper housing configured to be fixed to a pad of the seat, and the upper housing including a holding part disposed at a circumference of a front surface of the upper housing to hold a circumference of the vibration motor and a fixing part protruding from a rear surface of the upper housing to cover and fix a rear surface of the vibration motor.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a multilayer negative electrode comprising a negative electrode current collector configured to transfer electrons between an outer lead and a negative electrode active material, a first negative electrode mixture layer formed on one surface or both surfaces of the current collector and containing natural graphite as a negative electrode active material and a second negative electrode mixture layer formed on the first negative electrode mixture layer and containing artificial graphite as a negative electrode active material, and a lithium secondary battery including the same.

Abstract: A sulfide-based solid electrolyte includes secondary particles in which primary particles are agglomerated. With the use of the sulfide-based solid electrolyte, a uniform, stable, and high-quality slurry in which the primary particles have a strong interparticle binding force can be prepared.

Abstract: A crime type inference system based on text data, may include: a keywords dictionary construction unit configured to receive crime source data, and generate a crime type keywords dictionary by extracting crime keywords; a data set construction unit configured to generate a dataset for crime type learning by using the crime source data and the keywords dictionary; a crime type prediction model training unit configured to generate a crime type prediction model by using the dataset, and train the crime type prediction model; and a crime type inference unit configured to infer a crime type by using new crime data.

Abstract: A display device includes sub-pixels. The first and third sub-pixels overlap in a first direction. The second sub-pixel is spaced from the first and third sub-pixels in a second direction. Each of the sub-pixels includes a pixel-circuit layer including a pixel circuit including first and second transistors, a data line, and a scan line, and a light-emitting-element layer on the pixel-circuit layer and including a light emitting element. The pixel circuit includes first to third pixel circuits in the first to third sub-pixels, respectively. The data line includes first to third data lines included in the first to third sub-pixels, respectively, and electrically connected to the first to third pixel circuits, respectively. The first to third data lines are adjacent. The second data line is not between the first and third data lines such that only one side of the second data line faces the first and third data lines.

Abstract: An apparatus for calculating torque of a vehicle for exiting drift driving may include a processor and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a program which, when executed by the processor, causes: determining a driver's intention to exit drift driving based on an opening degree of an accelerator pedal and a steering angle; and calculating target torque of a front wheel motor based on the opening degree of the accelerator pedal when the driver's intention to exit drift driving is determined.

Abstract: An etching device includes a chamber; a stage disposed in the chamber and on which a target substrate is loaded; a gas distribution unit disposed to face the stage in the chamber; a plurality of plasma generation modules disposed above the chamber; a gas supply unit that supplies gas into the chamber; a gas line connecting the gas supply unit and the plurality of plasma generation modules; and a plurality of gas inlet pipes each including an end connected to the plasma generation module and another end connected to the gas distribution unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for rotating a headrest of a vehicle seat includes a headrest that is rotated forward to support a seat occupant's head upon reclining of a seatback. A seat occupant's head is comfortably supported by the headrest and a comfortable relaxation posture is implemented.