Abstract: An apparatus and method for modular multiplication. The modular multiplication apparatus includes a first operation unit for performing a first operation based on a structure of at least one of a serial multiplier and a serial squarer-based multiplier; a second operation unit for performing a second operation based on a structure of at least one of the serial multiplier and the serial squarer-based multiplier; an adder unit for outputting the sum of results of the first operation and the second operation, inputting an intermediate value stream to the first input unit, which calculates the product of the intermediate value stream and a zeta parameter, and outputting a High-Order Term as a result of Montgomery Modular Multiplication, wherein the first and second operation units output a result in digit-serial format in order from the least significant digit to the most significant digit.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for modular multiplication. The modular multiplication apparatus includes a first operation unit for performing a first operation based on a structure of at least one of a serial multiplier and a serial squarer-based multiplier; a second operation unit for performing a second operation based on a structure of at least one of the serial multiplier and the serial squarer-based multiplier; an adder unit for outputting the sum of results of the first operation and the second operation, inputting an intermediate value stream to the first input unit, which calculates the product of the intermediate value stream and a zeta parameter, and outputting a High-Order Term as a result of Montgomery Modular Multiplication, wherein the first and second operation units output a result in digit-serial format in order from the least significant digit to the most significant digit.

Abstract: A positive electrode composition for a rechargeable lithium battery includes a positive active material, a spherically shaped conductive material, and a sheet-shaped conductive material. The spherically shaped conductive material is included in an amount of about 1.1 to about 10 parts by weight based on 1 part by weight of the sheet-shaped conductive material. A positive electrode includes the positive electrode composition and a rechargeable lithium battery includes the positive electrode.

Abstract: A positive electrode composition for a rechargeable lithium battery includes a positive active material, a spherically shaped conductive material, and a sheet-shaped conductive material. The spherically shaped conductive material is included in an amount of about 1.1 to about 10 parts by weight based on 1 part by weight of the sheet-shaped conductive material. A positive electrode includes the positive electrode composition and a rechargeable lithium battery includes the positive electrode.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing a security service are provided. The apparatus for providing a security service includes a first block cipher and a second block cipher. The second block cipher is independent of the first block cipher, and is configured to be used as a random number generator when the first block cipher is used to perform encryption/decryption, and to be used to perform encryption/decryption when the first block cipher is used as a random number generator.

Abstract: An apparatus for protecting against external attacks for a processor based on an ARM core and a method using the same are provided. A method for protecting against external attacks for a processor based on an ARM core in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes: setting up a register using a reset handler, which is executed first within a boot image; generating a control signal for protecting against external attacks using any one of an external debug request signal and an output signal of the register; and blocking a JTAG interface used for JTAG communication with the processor based on the ARM core according to the control signal for protecting against external attacks.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing a security service are provided. The apparatus for providing a security service includes a first block cipher and a second block cipher. The second block cipher is independent of the first block cipher, and is configured to be used as a random number generator when the first block cipher is used to perform encryption/decryption, and to be used to perform encryption/decryption when the first block cipher is used as a random number generator.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method using spatial and temporal quarantine expansion to prevent important information from being leaked due to attacks such as viruses, hacking, and the like.

Abstract: An apparatus for protecting against external attacks for a processor based on an ARM core and a method using the same are provided. A method for protecting against external attacks for a processor based on an ARM core in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes: setting up a register using a reset handler, which is executed first within a boot image; generating a control signal for protecting against external attacks using any one of an external debug request signal and an output signal of the register; and blocking a JTAG interface used for JTAG communication with the processor based on the ARM core according to the control signal for protecting against external attacks.

Abstract: Provided are an arithmetic method and apparatus for supporting Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Academy, Research Institute and Agency (ARIA) encryption/decryption functions. The apparatus includes: a key scheduler for generating a round key using an input key; and a round function calculator for generating encrypted/decrypted data using input data and the round key. Here, the round function calculator includes an integrated substitution layer and an integrated diffusion layer capable of performing both AES and ARIA algorithms.

Abstract: Provided are an arithmetic method and apparatus for supporting Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Academy, Research Institute and Agency (ARIA) encryption/decryption functions. The apparatus includes: a key scheduler for generating a round key using an input key; and a round function calculator for generating encrypted/decrypted data using input data and the round key. Here, the round function calculator includes an integrated substitution layer and an integrated diffusion layer capable of performing both AES and ARIA algorithms.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method using spatial and temporal quarantine expansion to prevent important information from being leaked due to attacks such as viruses, hacking, and the like.

Abstract: Provided are an arithmetic method and apparatus for supporting Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Academy, Research Institute and Agency (ARIA) encryption/decryption functions. The apparatus includes: a key scheduler for generating a round key using an input key; and a round function calculator for generating encrypted/decrypted data using input data and the round key. Here, the round function calculator includes an integrated substitution layer and an integrated diffusion layer capable of performing both AES and ARIA algorithms.