Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein for paging for highly directional systems. A WTRU may receive a default and/or a dynamic set of active SSBs, may indicate the beams/SSBs which may be used to receive paging DCI (e.g. DCI scrambled with P-RNTI), and/or a message over PDSCH. A WTRU may utilize a default and/or dynamic set of active SSBs that may determine PDCCH monitoring occasions (PMOs) that may be monitored in the WTRU's paging occasions (POs). A WTRU may send paging activating requests to activate a suitable SSB using associated UL signal/resources. A WTRU may send one or more paging activation requests to activate multiple SSBs (e.g., a field of view (FOV) around a suitable SSB). A gNB may support a minimal feedback-based paging procedure.

Abstract: There is provided a method, computer program, and apparatus for a user equipment, that causes the user equipment to perform: signalling a measurement report to a first network access node via a first cell, the measurement report comprising an indication of a signal quality associated with a second cell provided by a second access network node; receiving an instruction to connect to the second cell, the second cell being provided by a second network access node, wherein the instruction indicates whether the user equipment is to connect to the second cell with or without obtaining a new timing advance value; and connecting to the second cell in accordance with the received instruction.

Abstract: A user equipment for connecting towards a Radio Access Network, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instruction which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the user equipment at least to: establish a connection with a first network node that supports at least one of the distributed unit functionality or a Layer (2) protocol of the Radio Access Network via a first cell supported by the first network node; receive, from the Radio Access Network, a configuration message to perform Layer (1) measurements for at least one candidate target cell with which the user equipment may connect, and an indication to enable identification of at least one specific candidate target cell for which a Layer (1) measurement shall be included in at least one of the associated Layer (1) measurements reports; perform the configured Layer (1) measurements and evaluate for which candidate cell a respective Layer (1) measurement is to be included in a respective Layer (1) measurement report

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an apparatus having at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to transmit, to a source cell, an indication of a capability of the apparatus to maintain downlink synchronization with at least one candidate cell, wherein the indication of the capability of the apparatus comprises a number of the at least one candidate cell with which the apparatus is able to maintain downlink synchronization, or a number of at least one beam with which the apparatus is able to maintain downlink synchronization, and select the at least one candidate cell for the apparatus to maintain downlink synchronization.

Abstract: There is provided a method, computer program and apparatus for causing an apparatus for a first access node to perform: establishing a connection towards a user equipment via a serving cell supported by the first access node; receiving configuration information comprising at least one indication of a duration of validity of timing advance values associated with a target cell supported by a second access node; instructing the user equipment to obtain a first timing advance value for the target cell, wherein the first timing advance value indicates a timing for transmitting uplink transmissions to the target cell; and monitor a validity of the first timing advance value using the duration of validity.

Abstract: Described herein is a user equipment, UE, configured for supporting connection towards a radio access network including e.g. a DU and a CU. The UE sends a measurement report comprising information indicative of at least one target cell of the at least one neighboring target cell to the CU, and receive, from the CU, a configuration message comprising information indicative of a LTM measurement related configuration, wherein the LTM measurement related configuration comprises a resource related configuration for at least one of the serving cell the UE is connected to and one target cell the UE as candidate cell to perform a cell change to, and cell-specific LTM reporting related configuration. The UE performs measurements and report measurements related information based on at least part of the received LTM measurement related configuration. The report is preferably send to the DU. The UE may receive updated LTM measurement related configuration from the DU.

Abstract: Various example embodiments relate generally to including cell measurements in a medium access control–control element (MAC-CE). A method of a first apparatus may, for example, comprising: identifying, in response to a triggered reporting event: at least one candidate cell measurement of a first type and at least one cell measurement of a second type that is other than the first type. The method may further comprise determining to include or not include in a Medium Access Control-Control Element, MAC-CE, measurement report, MR, at least some of the at least one candidate cell measurement of the first type based on at least one rule, and encoding a MAC-CE MR according to the determination for transmission to a second apparatus.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, systems, etc., directed to performing positioning of a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) while it is in idle mode and/or inactive mode (collectively “idle/inactive mode”) in NR are disclosed herein. Performing positioning, including positioning measurement and/or reporting, in idle/inactive mode may allow for increased positioning accuracy and/or decreased latency of location determination. In various embodiments, a WTRU in idle/inactive mode may transmit a positioning measurement report in various ways, including (i) in a Random-Access Channel (RACH) preamble; (ii) appended to a RACH preamble; and/or (iii) in a Physical Uplink Shared Channel. In various embodiments, a WTRU in idle/inactive mode may transmit uplink-based positioning related reference signals. In various embodiments, a WTRU in an idle/inactive mode may transmit, over a dedicated physical channel, (e.g., downlink) positioning measurement reports and/or reference signals (RSs) for uplink positioning measurements.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage media of interruption time reduction. The method comprises receiving, at a terminal device and from a centralized network device, a configuration at least indicating that a L1 measurement for cell change is to be reported by the terminal device with an indication of interruption free TA acquisition for a cell associated with the cell change, or per a panel indication of the terminal device; and transmitting, to a distributed network device, a report of the L1 measurement based on the configuration.

Abstract: A user equipment apparatus (UE) includes processor(s) and memory storing instructions. The instructions, when executed by the processor(s), cause the UE to: prepare for timing advance (TA) acquisition for a candidate target cell; prepare for handover to the candidate target cell; identify at least one contention-free random access (CFRA) resource for the TA acquisition and for the handover; in case the CFRA resource(s) include a same CFRA resource for the TA acquisition and for the handover, use the same CFRA resource for the TA acquisition and for the handover; and in case the CFRA resource(s) include a first CFRA resource for the TA acquisition and a second CFRA resource for the handover, use the first CFRA resource for the TA acquisition for the candidate target cell and use the second CFRA resource for the handover to the candidate target cell.

Abstract: A method includes receiving, by a user equipment (UE) connected to a first cell, an activation for a first transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state of a first configured TCI state pool associated with a second cell and further receiving a configuration of a second TCI state of a second TCI state pool associated with the second cell. The UE determines that the first activated TCI state and the second TCI state share one or more properties, and based upon the determining, activates the second TCI state of the second cell. The UE performs a cell switch to the second cell, maintaining the activated second TCI state of the second cell.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for user equipment configured for medium access control mobility. The apparatus and method are implemented to adapt the user equipment to detect a radio link failure in a first cell, wherein the first cell is a source cell, cell (re-)selection is performed by the user equipment to select a second cell. A random access message is transmitted to the selected second cell. The user equipment receives from the selected second cell a random access response comprising a medium access control level message from the selected second cell and an uplink grant. The user equipment then, in response to determining that the selected second cell supports medium access control re-establishment, transmits toward the selected second cell a medium access control re-establishment request comprising user equipment identifiers including a source cell radio network temporary identifier, a source physical cell identification, and information to verify the user equipment identity.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for supporting periodic and SP reporting on PUCCH. One method may include a UE receiving, from a network entity, at least one LTM CSI reporting configuration via radio resource configuration; receiving, from the network entity, at least one control message configured to activate or deactivate at least one of the at least one LTM CSI reporting configuration, and transmitting, to the network entity, L1 measurement reporting according to at least one of the at least one control message.

Abstract: Apparatus for paging for highly directional systems. A WTRU receives a default and/or a dynamic set of active SSBs which indicates the beams/SSBs is used to receive paging DCI, e.g. DCI scrambled with P-RNTI, over PDSCH. A WTRU utilizes the default and/or dynamic set of active SSBs in order to determine PDCCH monitoring occasions, PMOs, that are monitored in the WTRU's paging occasions, POs. A WTRU sends paging activating requests to activate a suitable SSB using associated UL signal/resources, if the suitable SSB fulfills a SSB criteria, if the activation duration has elapsed and if the monitoring duration has elapsed. A WTRU may send one or more paging activation requests to activate multiple SSBs, e.g., a field of view, FOV, around a suitable SSB. Said paging activation requests implements a minimal feedback-based paging procedure for paging in highly directional systems, to which the gNB replies with paging configuration for the suitable SSB.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for in-channel narrowband (NB) companion air interface (CAI) assisted wideband (WB) random access channel (RACH) access. Periodic NB downlink (DL) synchronization sequences are detected. Range information is estimated by measuring the periodic NB DL synchronization sequences; and determining an NB CAI RACH occasion. The range information is transmitted to a gNode B (gNB), or other base station, in a NB CAI RACH procedure. At least one selected WB sequence based on the range information and at least one scheduled WB RACH occasion based on the NB CAI RACH occasion are received from the gNB. A contention free WB RACH procedure is performed based on the received at least one selected WB sequence and the at least one scheduled WB RACH occasion.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to timing advance (TA) acquisition for handover. A method comprises receiving timing alignment information of at least one network resource associated with a target network device; determining, based on the timing alignment information, timing alignment offset between the network resource and another network resource; and performing timing advance estimation for the at least one network resource at least partially based on the timing alignment offset.

Abstract: A method performed by a user equipment (UE) includes performing layer 1 (L1) measurements of reference signals of one or more candidate cells for a cell switch of the UE. The method includes performing an evaluation of one or more reporting events for a maximum number of the reference signals based on the L1 measurements. Respective reference signals of the maximum number of the reference signals are selected based on a relative priority among the one or more reporting events, the L1 measurements, the reference signals, or the one or more candidate cells. And the method includes making a determination whether a reporting event of the one or more reporting events is fulfilled based on the evaluation.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, systems, etc., directed to performing positioning of a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) while it is in idle mode and/or inactive mode (collectively “idle/inactive mode”) in NR are disclosed herein. Performing positioning, including positioning measurement and/or reporting, in idle/inactive mode may allow for increased positioning accuracy and/or decreased latency of location determination. In various embodiments, a WTRU in idle/inactive mode may transmit a positioning measurement report in various ways, including (i) in a Random-Access Channel (RACH) preamble; (ii) appended to a RACH preamble; and/or (iii) in a Physical Uplink Shared Channel. In various embodiments, a WTRU in idle/inactive mode may transmit uplink-based positioning related reference signals. In various embodiments, a WTRU in an idle/inactive mode may transmit, over a dedicated physical channel, (e.g., downlink) positioning measurement reports and/or reference signals (RSs) for uplink positioning measurements.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is configured to report to a network the WTRU capability for physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) decoding including supported number of discrete fourier transform (DFT) modules and sizes and receive from the network a PDCCH configuration as a search space and control resource set (CORESET) configurations having a spreading factor or an orthogonal code length, a number of frequency resource groups (FRGs) and associated sizes, an indication of code domain multiplexing, and a CORESET format. The WTRU determines resource groups (RG) size and a number of RGs per control channel elements (CCE) based on configured spreading factor and FRG size, and determines an association between RGs and orthogonal cover codes (OCCs) per FRG and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol based on, among other things, the configured spreading factor.

Abstract: Described herein are systems, methods, and instrumentalities associated with wireless communications using single carrier waveforms. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) as described herein may receive configuration information that may indicate a control channel element (CCE) and a plurality of resource groups associated with the CCE. Each resource group may include a respective time resource element (TRE) and a respective frequency resource group (FRG), wherein each respective TRE may include a non-integer number of time units, and each respective FRG may include multiple frequency units. The WTRU may determine that the CCE may be associated with a downlink control channel transmission, and further determine allocation pattern information associated with the resource groups in a search space.