Abstract: Various example embodiments relate generally to including cell measurements in a medium access control–control element (MAC-CE). A method of a first apparatus may, for example, comprising: identifying, in response to a triggered reporting event: at least one candidate cell measurement of a first type and at least one cell measurement of a second type that is other than the first type. The method may further comprise determining to include or not include in a Medium Access Control-Control Element, MAC-CE, measurement report, MR, at least some of the at least one candidate cell measurement of the first type based on at least one rule, and encoding a MAC-CE MR according to the determination for transmission to a second apparatus.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, systems, etc., directed to performing positioning of a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) while it is in idle mode and/or inactive mode (collectively “idle/inactive mode”) in NR are disclosed herein. Performing positioning, including positioning measurement and/or reporting, in idle/inactive mode may allow for increased positioning accuracy and/or decreased latency of location determination. In various embodiments, a WTRU in idle/inactive mode may transmit a positioning measurement report in various ways, including (i) in a Random-Access Channel (RACH) preamble; (ii) appended to a RACH preamble; and/or (iii) in a Physical Uplink Shared Channel. In various embodiments, a WTRU in idle/inactive mode may transmit uplink-based positioning related reference signals. In various embodiments, a WTRU in an idle/inactive mode may transmit, over a dedicated physical channel, (e.g., downlink) positioning measurement reports and/or reference signals (RSs) for uplink positioning measurements.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage media of interruption time reduction. The method comprises receiving, at a terminal device and from a centralized network device, a configuration at least indicating that a L1 measurement for cell change is to be reported by the terminal device with an indication of interruption free TA acquisition for a cell associated with the cell change, or per a panel indication of the terminal device; and transmitting, to a distributed network device, a report of the L1 measurement based on the configuration.

Abstract: A user equipment apparatus (UE) includes processor(s) and memory storing instructions. The instructions, when executed by the processor(s), cause the UE to: prepare for timing advance (TA) acquisition for a candidate target cell; prepare for handover to the candidate target cell; identify at least one contention-free random access (CFRA) resource for the TA acquisition and for the handover; in case the CFRA resource(s) include a same CFRA resource for the TA acquisition and for the handover, use the same CFRA resource for the TA acquisition and for the handover; and in case the CFRA resource(s) include a first CFRA resource for the TA acquisition and a second CFRA resource for the handover, use the first CFRA resource for the TA acquisition for the candidate target cell and use the second CFRA resource for the handover to the candidate target cell.

Abstract: A method includes receiving, by a user equipment (UE) connected to a first cell, an activation for a first transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state of a first configured TCI state pool associated with a second cell and further receiving a configuration of a second TCI state of a second TCI state pool associated with the second cell. The UE determines that the first activated TCI state and the second TCI state share one or more properties, and based upon the determining, activates the second TCI state of the second cell. The UE performs a cell switch to the second cell, maintaining the activated second TCI state of the second cell.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for user equipment configured for medium access control mobility. The apparatus and method are implemented to adapt the user equipment to detect a radio link failure in a first cell, wherein the first cell is a source cell, cell (re-)selection is performed by the user equipment to select a second cell. A random access message is transmitted to the selected second cell. The user equipment receives from the selected second cell a random access response comprising a medium access control level message from the selected second cell and an uplink grant. The user equipment then, in response to determining that the selected second cell supports medium access control re-establishment, transmits toward the selected second cell a medium access control re-establishment request comprising user equipment identifiers including a source cell radio network temporary identifier, a source physical cell identification, and information to verify the user equipment identity.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for supporting periodic and SP reporting on PUCCH. One method may include a UE receiving, from a network entity, at least one LTM CSI reporting configuration via radio resource configuration; receiving, from the network entity, at least one control message configured to activate or deactivate at least one of the at least one LTM CSI reporting configuration, and transmitting, to the network entity, L1 measurement reporting according to at least one of the at least one control message.

Abstract: Apparatus for paging for highly directional systems. A WTRU receives a default and/or a dynamic set of active SSBs which indicates the beams/SSBs is used to receive paging DCI, e.g. DCI scrambled with P-RNTI, over PDSCH. A WTRU utilizes the default and/or dynamic set of active SSBs in order to determine PDCCH monitoring occasions, PMOs, that are monitored in the WTRU's paging occasions, POs. A WTRU sends paging activating requests to activate a suitable SSB using associated UL signal/resources, if the suitable SSB fulfills a SSB criteria, if the activation duration has elapsed and if the monitoring duration has elapsed. A WTRU may send one or more paging activation requests to activate multiple SSBs, e.g., a field of view, FOV, around a suitable SSB. Said paging activation requests implements a minimal feedback-based paging procedure for paging in highly directional systems, to which the gNB replies with paging configuration for the suitable SSB.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for in-channel narrowband (NB) companion air interface (CAI) assisted wideband (WB) random access channel (RACH) access. Periodic NB downlink (DL) synchronization sequences are detected. Range information is estimated by measuring the periodic NB DL synchronization sequences; and determining an NB CAI RACH occasion. The range information is transmitted to a gNode B (gNB), or other base station, in a NB CAI RACH procedure. At least one selected WB sequence based on the range information and at least one scheduled WB RACH occasion based on the NB CAI RACH occasion are received from the gNB. A contention free WB RACH procedure is performed based on the received at least one selected WB sequence and the at least one scheduled WB RACH occasion.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to timing advance (TA) acquisition for handover. A method comprises receiving timing alignment information of at least one network resource associated with a target network device; determining, based on the timing alignment information, timing alignment offset between the network resource and another network resource; and performing timing advance estimation for the at least one network resource at least partially based on the timing alignment offset.

Abstract: A method performed by a user equipment (UE) includes performing layer 1 (L1) measurements of reference signals of one or more candidate cells for a cell switch of the UE. The method includes performing an evaluation of one or more reporting events for a maximum number of the reference signals based on the L1 measurements. Respective reference signals of the maximum number of the reference signals are selected based on a relative priority among the one or more reporting events, the L1 measurements, the reference signals, or the one or more candidate cells. And the method includes making a determination whether a reporting event of the one or more reporting events is fulfilled based on the evaluation.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, systems, etc., directed to performing positioning of a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) while it is in idle mode and/or inactive mode (collectively “idle/inactive mode”) in NR are disclosed herein. Performing positioning, including positioning measurement and/or reporting, in idle/inactive mode may allow for increased positioning accuracy and/or decreased latency of location determination. In various embodiments, a WTRU in idle/inactive mode may transmit a positioning measurement report in various ways, including (i) in a Random-Access Channel (RACH) preamble; (ii) appended to a RACH preamble; and/or (iii) in a Physical Uplink Shared Channel. In various embodiments, a WTRU in idle/inactive mode may transmit uplink-based positioning related reference signals. In various embodiments, a WTRU in an idle/inactive mode may transmit, over a dedicated physical channel, (e.g., downlink) positioning measurement reports and/or reference signals (RSs) for uplink positioning measurements.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is configured to report to a network the WTRU capability for physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) decoding including supported number of discrete fourier transform (DFT) modules and sizes and receive from the network a PDCCH configuration as a search space and control resource set (CORESET) configurations having a spreading factor or an orthogonal code length, a number of frequency resource groups (FRGs) and associated sizes, an indication of code domain multiplexing, and a CORESET format. The WTRU determines resource groups (RG) size and a number of RGs per control channel elements (CCE) based on configured spreading factor and FRG size, and determines an association between RGs and orthogonal cover codes (OCCs) per FRG and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol based on, among other things, the configured spreading factor.

Abstract: Described herein are systems, methods, and instrumentalities associated with wireless communications using single carrier waveforms. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) as described herein may receive configuration information that may indicate a control channel element (CCE) and a plurality of resource groups associated with the CCE. Each resource group may include a respective time resource element (TRE) and a respective frequency resource group (FRG), wherein each respective TRE may include a non-integer number of time units, and each respective FRG may include multiple frequency units. The WTRU may determine that the CCE may be associated with a downlink control channel transmission, and further determine allocation pattern information associated with the resource groups in a search space.

Abstract: A user equipment apparatus (UE) includes processor(s) and memory storing instructions. The instructions, when executed by the processor(s), cause the UE to: establish a connection with a first network node via a serving cell, where the first network node supports the serving cell and supports at least one of distributed unit functionality or a layer 2 protocol of a radio access network (RAN); receive, from a second network node supporting at least one of central unit control plane functionality or a layer 3 protocol of the RAN, a radio resource control (RRC) message including configuration information relating to timing advance, where the configuration information prepares the UE for at least one candidate target cell with which the UE may connect, where the RRC message is received prior to the UE connecting with any of the at least one candidate target cell; and implement a configuration based on the configuration information.

Abstract: There is provided a user equipment apparatus that includes at least one processor and memory storing instructions. The instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the user equipment apparatus at least to: establish a connection with a serving cell controlled by a serving network node; perform configuration for L1/L2 triggered mobility (LTM) to a target cell, the target cell controlled by one of: the serving network node or a target network node; prior to receiving a command to switch to the target cell: transmit, towards the target cell, a random access preamble for acquiring timing advance for the target cell; and receive, from the serving network node, an instruction to acquire timing advance for the target cell.

Abstract: Systems, devices and methods for a backscatter measurement based multiple RACH preamble transmissions are disclosed. A WTRU may receive a JCS-RS configuration comprising a minimum RACH preamble retransmission interval. The JCS-RS configuration may comprise a JCS backscatter power fraction (?) of the WTRU transmit power (PTx). The WTRU may transmit a RACH preamble in a RACH occasion corresponding to a preferred SS/PBCH Index using an initial WTRU transmit beam, having an associated first RA-RNTI value. The backscatter power (PBS) may be measured using the WTRU receive beam corresponding to the WTRU transmit beam used for the RACH preamble transmission. On a condition that PBS>?PTX, the WTRU may retransmit the RACH preamble after a retransmission interval, on resources associated with a second RA-RNTI value. The WTRU may be configured for monitoring the PDCCH common search space with the first RA-RNTI and the second RA-RNTI, for respective RAR window intervals.

Abstract: There is provided a method. computer program and apparatus for causing an apparatus of a second access node to perform: causing a first timing advance value to be provided to a user equipment for enabling the user equipment to synchronize uplink transmissions to a timing of a target cell supported by the second access node: determining a validity time of the first timing advance value, wherein, the first timing advance value is considered invalid after the validity time: and signaling. to a first access node supporting a serving cell connected to the user equipment. said validity time.

Abstract: In some embodiments, there may be provided a method that includes receiving timing advance acquisition parameters associated with multiple transmit receive points at a target distributed unit, wherein the timing advance acquisition parameters comprise, for the multiple transmit receive points, synchronization signal block indices, random access preamble indices, and physical random access channel mask indices; sending downlink control information to a user equipment, the downlink control information comprising an identifier of the target distributed unit, codepoints for the synchronization signal block indices, the random access preamble indices, and the physical random access channel mask indices; receiving timing advance estimates from the target distributed unit, wherein the timing advance estimates comprise estimates of timing advances associated with multiple transmit receive points at the target distributed unit; and sending the timing advance estimates associated with the multiple transmit receive poin

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed herein associated with enabling target localization with bi/multi-static measurements in new radio (NR). Bi-static or multi-static configurations with potential targets may be formed with nodes (e.g., WTRUs, gNBs, etc.) of mobile wireless communication systems, for example, to enable target localization applications. Target localization may be enhanced based on using determined configurations to reduce target localization estimation errors.