Abstract: An integrated autonomous operation system that holistically renders the operation in digital form at multiple scales, including reservoir, surface infrastructure, workflows, processes, and the real asset. The system provides an end-to-end digital twin connecting subsurface to production. A subsurface model identifies and monitors water-producing zones for strategic decisions. The models use intelligent AI to provide optimum water injection setpoints. The models provide data to systems that automatically control the chokes and valves to meet the setpoints, thus achieving fully integrated, autonomous operations.

Abstract: In visualizing flow in subsurface reservoirs, a system partitions flow information according to source-sink pairs and streamlines in a reservoir. The system displays dynamic streamline flow indicators and flow animations, such as 3D pie charts, to dynamically show flow contributions and properties at each well. A pie chart displayed at a producer well may have pie wedges that dynamically update to show the percentage of fluid being received via streamlines from each of multiple injectors. Highlighting the chart highlights all wells contributing to the output. Radial sections of each pie wedge may be further mapped to show the flow rate of components, such as oil, water, and gas phases in a streamline. Each chart may show many other properties and may be stacked across time steps. The system also displays streamline properties with animations, which demonstrate flow velocity and model properties, such as phase components, rates, volumes, etc., through color and size codes.

Abstract: To simulate a subterranean structure having fracture corridors, a model is used to represent the subterranean structure, where the model also provides a representation of the fracture corridors. A streamline simulation is performed using the model.

Abstract: In visualizing flow in subsurface reservoirs, a system partitions flow information according to source-sink pairs and streamlines in a reservoir. The system displays dynamic streamline flow indicators and flow animations, such as 3D pie charts, to dynamically show flow contributions and properties at each well. A pie chart displayed at a producer well may have pie wedges that dynamically update to show the percentage of fluid being received via streamlines from each of multiple injectors. Highlighting the chart highlights all wells contributing to the output. Radial sections of each pie wedge may be further mapped to show the flow rate of components, such as oil, water, and gas phases in a streamline. Each chart may show many other properties and may be stacked across time steps. The system also displays streamline properties with animations, which demonstrate flow velocity and model properties, such as phase components, rates, volumes, etc., through color and size codes.

Abstract: To simulate a subterranean structure having fracture corridors, a model is used to represent the subterranean structure, where the model also provides a representation of the fracture corridors. A streamline simulation is performed using the model.