Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions and methods of mitigating scale in phosphoric acid and ammonium phosphate plants. Scale-mitigating compositions of the invention can be added to phosphoric acid before or during the concentration in the evaporator cycle of a phosphoric acid plant. The compositions retard the formation of scale on surfaces in contact with the phosphoric acid, and thus time between cleaning is extended and plant productivity increased. Further, the scale that forms is softer and more easily cleaned from surfaces, reducing non-operation time of the plant and/or evaporator. Methods of mitigating scale formation in phosphoric acid production and phosphoric acid handling plants are disclosed. In the methods, scales accumulate more slowly and are softer, more tractable, and more easily cleaned from surfaces to which they adhere.

Abstract: Methods of and systems for dispensing dust suppressant are provided. The methods comprise forming an aqueous dispersion stream by delivering a surfactant composition to an aqueous liquid stream. The aqueous dispersion stream is mixed to form a dust suppressant. The dust suppressant is dispensed to a surface at a pressure sufficient to provide coverage of the surface. Surface tension of the dust suppressant is measured via a tensiometer, and the measurement is relayed to a controller. The forming of the aqueous dispersion stream is adjusted according to the measured surface tension relayed to the controller. The systems are configured to carry out one or more of the provided methods.

Abstract: Methods of enhancing release of bulk solids from a surface are provided. The methods comprise wetting the surface with a substance comprising water, a fatty acid, an emulsifier, and a carrier oil. The carrier oil may be selected from mineral oil, silicone oil, and combinations thereof. The fatty acid may be tall oil fatty acid. The substance may be formed from diluting a concentrate with water. The substance may be applied to the surface at a dose of from about 0.1 gallons to about 50 gallons of the substance per about 2000 square feet of surface, thereby wetting the surface.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions and methods of mitigating scale in phosphoric acid and ammonium phosphate plants. Scale-mitigating compositions of the invention can be added to phosphoric acid before or during the concentration in the evaporator cycle of a phosphoric acid plant. The compositions retard the formation of scale on surfaces in contact with the phosphoric acid, and thus time between cleaning is extended and plant productivity increased. Further, the scale that forms is softer and more easily cleaned from surfaces, reducing non-operation time of the plant and/or evaporator. Methods of mitigating scale formation in phosphoric acid production and phosphoric acid handling plants are disclosed. In the methods, scales accumulate more slowly and are softer, more tractable, and more easily cleaned from surfaces to which they adhere.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions and methods of mitigating scale in phosphoric acid and ammonium phosphate plants. Scale-mitigating compositions of the invention can be added to phosphoric acid before or during the concentration in the evaporator cycle of a phosphoric acid plant. The compositions retard the formation of scale on surfaces in contact with the phosphoric acid, and thus time between cleaning is extended and plant productivity increased. Further, the scale that forms is softer and more easily cleaned from surfaces, reducing non-operation time of the plant and/or evaporator. Methods of mitigating scale formation in phosphoric acid production and phosphoric acid handling plants are disclosed. In the methods, scales accumulate more slowly and are softer, more tractable, and more easily cleaned from surfaces to which they adhere.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions and methods of mitigating scale in phosphoric acid and ammonium phosphate plants. Scale-mitigating compositions of the invention can be added to phosphoric acid before or during the concentration in the evaporator cycle of a phosphoric acid plant. The compositions retard the formation of scale on surfaces in contact with the phosphoric acid, and thus time between cleaning is extended and plant productivity increased. Further, the scale that forms is softer and more easily cleaned from surfaces, reducing non-operation time of the plant and/or evaporator. Methods of mitigating scale formation in phosphoric acid production and phosphoric acid handling plants are disclosed. In the methods, scales accumulate more slowly and are softer, more tractable, and more easily cleaned from surfaces to which they adhere.

Abstract: Methods of enhancing release of bulk solids from a surface are provided. The methods comprise wetting the surface with a substance comprising water, a fatty acid, an emulsifier, and a carrier oil. The carrier oil may be selected from mineral oil, silicone oil, and combinations thereof. The fatty acid may be tall oil fatty acid. The substance may be formed from diluting a concentrate with water. The substance may be applied to the surface at a dose of from about 0.1 gallons to about 50 gallons of the substance per about 2000 square feet of surface, thereby wetting the surface.

Abstract: Methods of and systems for dispensing dust suppressant are provided. The methods comprise forming an aqueous dispersion stream by delivering a surfactant composition to an aqueous liquid stream. The aqueous dispersion stream is mixed to form a dust suppressant. The dust suppressant is dispensed to a surface at a pressure sufficient to provide coverage of the surface. Surface tension of the dust suppressant is measured via a tensiometer, and the measurement is relayed to a controller. The forming of the aqueous dispersion stream is adjusted according to the measured surface tension relayed to the controller. The systems are configured to carry out one or more of the provided methods.

Abstract: A composition for use in investment casting shells and a method of making the composition is disclosed. The composition includes an engineered binder and a refractory flour. The engineered binder comprises a siliceous material and at least one organic component selected from: at least one type of wood pulp; at least one species of cellulose fiber; and combinations thereof. A particular benefit of the investment shell composition is simultaneously increased permeability and load bearing capacity.

Abstract: A composition for use in investment casting shells and a method of making the composition is disclosed. The composition includes an engineered binder and a refractory flour. The engineered binder comprises a siliceous material and at least one organic component selected from: at least one type of wood pulp; at least one species of cellulose fiber; and combinations thereof. A particular benefit of the investment shell composition is simultaneously increased permeability and load bearing capacity.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for grinding materials are provided. In an embodiment, the present invention provides a method of grinding solid materials. For example, the method can comprise mixing the solid material with the grinding aid, and using a grinding media such as steel balls to grind the solids. The grinding aid composition can comprise one or more glycerin by-products derived from a biodiesel manufacturing process. The grinding aid composition can also comprise one or more glycerin by-products of transesterification reactions involving triglycerides. The grinding aid can be added to the grinding process as a solution.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for grinding materials are provided. In an embodiment, the present invention provides a method of grinding solid materials. For example, the method can comprise mixing the solid material with the grinding aid, and using a grinding media such as steel balls to grind the solids. The grinding aid composition can comprise one or more glycerin by-products derived from a biodiesel manufacturing process. The grinding aid composition can also comprise one or more glycerin by-products of transesterification reactions involving triglycerides. The grinding aid can be added to the grinding process as a solution.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for grinding materials are provided. In an embodiment, the present invention provides a method of grinding solid materials. For example, the method can comprise mixing the solid material with the grinding aid, and using a grinding media such as steel balls to grind the solids. The grinding aid composition can comprise one or more glycerin by-products derived from a biodiesel manufacturing process. The grinding aid composition can also comprise one or more glycerin by-products of transesterification reactions involving triglycerides. The grinding aid can be added to the grinding process as a solution.

Abstract: Dust control and/or freeze control compositions and methods of using the compositions are provided. In an embodiment, the present invention provides methods of utilizing the dust control and/or freeze control products. For example, the method can comprise preventing the agglomeration of particulate material comprising coal and the adhesion thereof to surfaces in subfreezing weather. The method can also comprise preventing dust formation from particulate material handling processes. The dust control and/or freeze control compositions can comprise one or more glycerin by-products derived from a biodiesel manufacturing process. The dust control and/or freeze control compositions can also comprise one or more glycerin by-products of transesterification reactions involving triglycerides.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for grinding materials are provided. In an embodiment, the present invention provides a method of grinding solid materials. For example, the method can comprise mixing the solid material with the grinding aid, and using a grinding media such as steel balls to grind the solids. The grinding aid composition can comprise one or more glycerin by-products derived from a biodiesel manufacturing process. The grinding aid composition can also comprise one or more glycerin by-products of transesterification reactions involving triglycerides. The grinding aid can be added to the grinding process as a solution.

Abstract: Dust control and/or freeze control compositions and methods of using the compositions are provided. In an embodiment, the present invention provides methods of utilizing the dust control and/or freeze control products. For example, the method can comprise preventing the agglomeration of particulate material comprising coal and the adhesion thereof to surfaces in subfreezing weather. The method can also comprise preventing dust formation from particulate material handling processes. The dust control and/or freeze control compositions can comprise one or more glycerin by-products derived from a biodiesel manufacturing process. The dust control and/or freeze control compositions can also comprise one or more glycerin by-products of transesterification reactions involving triglycerides.

Abstract: A method of preventing the generation of dust or agglomeration of particulate material comprising coal by applying to the particulate material a mixture of from about 45 to about 90 weight percent of glycerin, from about 5 to about 50 weight percent of water, about 0.5 to about 3 weight percent of fatty acids and esters thereof and from 2 to about 15 weight percent of water soluble salts, which has been diluted with about 10–400 weight percent of water. The diluted compositIon is applied in an affective amount to suppress agglomeration of particulate material and its adhesion to surfaces and to substantially prevent the generation of dust. The concentrated composition has a freezing point of at least ?35° C.

Abstract: A concentrated product for dust control and freeze control, wherein the concentrated product comprises a mixture of from about 45 to about 90 weight percent of glycerin, from about 5 to about 50 weight percent of water and from about 2 to about 15 weight percent of a water soluble salt is described and claimed. The concentrated product may be diluted with about 10 to about 400 weight percent of water for use, based on the amount of the concentrated product present. The freezing point of the concentrated product is about -35° C. The concentrated product may be synthesized using commercially available chemicals, or it may be derived from vegetable oils, or it may be a byproduct from a biodiesel manufacturing process of forming fatty acid esters from vegetable oils.