Abstract: A system and method for dry ablation beneficiation of ore. The system comprises a nozzle to emit an air stream, and a feeder to provide ore particles for entraining in the air stream and colliding. The ore comprises gangue grains bound together with a cementing material. The cementing material comprises a desired material. The collisions are controlled to help preferentially break the cementing material over breaking the bonds holding a gangue grain together. The system also comprises a classifier to separate broken cementing material from the remaining material (which includes gangue grains) based on size. The method comprises entraining the ore particles in an air stream and colliding to preferentially break the cementing material. The ore particles may be collided with each other or a surface. The broken cementing materials are then separated from the remaining materials (which includes gangue grains). The enriched ore is the separated cementing material.

Abstract: A method for recovering metal values from a molten slag composition includes atomizing the slag with an oxygen-containing gas in a gas atomization apparatus, to produce solid slag granules. Oxygen in the atomizing gas converts metals to magnetic metal compounds, thereby magnetizing the metal-containing slag granules. These metal-containing slag granules are then magnetically separated. Larger amounts of metals may be removed by passing the molten slag through a pre-settling pan with an adjustable base, and/or discontinuing atomization where the metal content of the slag exceeds a predetermined amount. Solid slag granules produced by atomization may be charged to a recovery unit for recovery of one or more metal by-products. An apparatus for recovering metal values from molten slag includes a gas atomization apparatus, a flow control device for controlling the flow of atomizing gas, a control system, and one or more sensors to detect metal values in the slag.

Abstract: A process for preparing solid slag granules from a molten slag composition comprises: (a) providing the molten slag composition; (b) converting the molten slag composition into the solid slag granules in a dispersion apparatus; and (c) sorting the solid slag granules by shape in a separator to produce a plurality of fractions having different sphericities. Granular slag products comprise one or more fractions of solid slag granules produced by the process, and include proppants, roofing granules, catalyst supports, which may be porous or non-porous, and coated or uncoated.

Abstract: A method for recovering metal values from a molten slag composition includes atomizing the slag with an oxygen-containing gas in a gas atomization apparatus, to produce solid slag granules. Oxygen in the atomizing gas converts metals to magnetic metal compounds, thereby magnetizing the metal-containing slag granules. These metal-containing slag granules are then magnetically separated. Larger amounts of metals may be removed by passing the molten slag through a pre-settling pan with an adjustable base, and/or discontinuing atomization where the metal content of the slag exceeds a predetermined amount. Solid slag granules produced by atomization may be charged to a recovery unit for recovery of one or more metal by-products. An apparatus for recovering metal values from molten slag includes a gas atomization apparatus, a flow control device for controlling the flow of atomizing gas, a control system, and one or more sensors to detect metal values in the slag.

Abstract: A branched polyester suitable for use in solvent-free emulsification, the branched polyester having a first original weight average molecular weight before undergoing solvent-free emulsification and a second weight average molecular weight after undergoing solvent-free emulsification, wherein the branched polyester has a structure that limits degradation of the polyester during solvent-free emulsification to less than about 20 percent of the first original weight average molecular weight, wherein the branched polyester comprises a compound of the formula described.

Abstract: Metallurgical processes and systems for gas atomization of molten slag and/or molten metals from a metallurgical furnace are integrated with off-gas handling processes and equipment, such that the off-gases are fed to the gas atomization plant for atomizing the molten slag and/or molten metal. The use of by-product off-gases for atomizing molten slag and/or molten metals provides a number of benefits, including elimination of off-gas handling and treatment equipment, centralization and upgrading of heat via atomization to improve heat recovery, prevention of oxidation of granular products of atomization, and reduction of CO2 emissions. A process for preparing a granular product comprises: feeding a molten material and a by-product off-gas to a dispersion apparatus; and contacting the gas with the molten material in the dispersion apparatus, whereby the molten material is dispersed and solidified by contact with the gas to form the granular product.

Abstract: A process for producing substantially dry slag granules comprises adding a controlled amount of water to a molten stream of slag, and granulating the slag to produce solidified slag comprising substantially dry slag granules and slag wool. An apparatus for producing substantially dry slag granules comprises: (a) an inclined surface having an upper and lower ends for receiving and discharging the stream of slag; (b) a dispersion device at the lower end of the inclined surface for dispersion of the molten slag; (c) one or more water addition devices for adding a controlled amount of water to the molten slag; and (d) a collection area adjacent to the dispersion device for deposition of solidified slag produced by the dispersion. The quantity of slag wool produced by the process and apparatus is less than that which would be produced without the addition of water.

Abstract: A process for preparing solid slag granules from a molten slag composition comprises: (a) providing the molten slag composition; (b) converting the molten slag composition into the solid slag granules in a dispersion apparatus; and (c) sorting the solid slag granules by shape in a separator to produce a plurality of fractions having different sphericities. Granular slag products comprise one or more fractions of solid slag granules produced by the process, and include proppants, roofing granules, catalyst supports, which may be porous or non-porous, and coated or uncoated.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for enzymatic polymerization to produce polyester resins suitable for use in manufacturing toners. In embodiments, crystalline copolymers, which are polyesters, may be synthesized from lactones, cyclic anhydrides, cyclic carbonates, and combinations thereof. These crystalline copolymers, in turn, may be utilized in the synthesis of toner particles.

Abstract: A custom color toner production system includes a toner delivery system, a cartridge sealing system, a mixing system, and a packaging system. The toner delivery system includes selectively engageable fluid delivery lines for delivering toner of particular color to a cartridge as need for producing a custom color toner in response to an electronically submitted user request. Cartridge containing the unmixed delivered toner may be sealed by a sealing system, and blended using a resonant mixer to produce a custom color toner. The cartridge containing the mixed custom color toner may be packaged using a packaging system.

Abstract: A process for making a latex emulsion including contacting at least one amorphous polyester resin with at least two organic solvents to form a resin mixture, adding a neutralizing agent, and deionized water to the resin mixture, removing the solvent from the formed latex, and separating the solvent from water. Further, the process is carried out above the resin Tg for making the latex, which drives the latex particle size under 100 nm, where toners made from the latex show improved charging performance.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are porous nanoparticles having a particle size of from about 50 nm to about 2 ?m and a pore diameter of from about 20 nm to about 400 nm. The porous nanoparticles include a resin composition comprising at least one polyester resin in the absence of an organic solvent, and a surfactant.

Abstract: The method of manufacturing toners disclosed herein includes a continuous temperature ramp and coalescence process that involves continuously passing toner slurry, such as an aggregated toner slurry, through at least one heat exchanger before being subjected to a cooling step. The heat exchanger is pressurized, so the temperature of the slurry may be increased above the atmospheric boiling point of water without boiling the water component of the slurry. Because of these higher temperatures, the coalescence step can be completed more quickly than in conventional batch processes. More than two heat exchangers may be connected in the coalescence step, yielding multiple ramping/cooling temperature steps, ability to inject components, or recycling heat from the process to reduce energy consumption.

Abstract: The process for manufacturing porous nanoparticles disclosed herein includes feeding a dry-blended mixture of at least one resin and a neutralizing agent into a feed section of a screw extruder, injecting a surfactant solution downstream of the hopper, and adding an aqueous composition both directly after the surfactant solution as well as further downstream. Porous nanoparticles having a particle size of from about 50 nm to about 2 ?m and a pore diameter of from about 20 nm to about 400 nm may be continuously recovered from the extruder following this process.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides processes for making inorganic or organic colorant dispersions using an acoustic mixer, where such dispersion may be used to make toner. Such processes apply low frequency, high intensity acoustic energy and a consistent shear field throughout an entire mixing vessel and provide uniform dispersion of colorants within minutes.

Abstract: A process for making a latex emulsion suitable for use in a toner composition includes contacting at least one polyester resin optionally with an organic solvent to form a resin mixture, adding a primary amine, optionally a surfactant, and deionized water to the mixture.

Abstract: An economical and environmentally friendly method for producing waxes. In particular, the methods use thermolytic degradation concurrently with a distillation process to obtaining distilled waxes from recycled polyethylene. The resulting waxes have desirable properties, such as reduced molecular weight and narrow polydispersity, that makes the waxes useful in various applications.

Abstract: A process for preparing a pigment dispersion including melting a phase change ink carrier and an optional dispersant at a temperature of from about 100° C. to about 170° C. in a jacketed vessel comprising a jacket surrounding an immersion mill or basket mill attachment and a dispersion blade attachment disposed within the jacketed vessel; mixing the melted phase change ink carrier and optional dispersant with a dispersion blade in the jacketed vessel; adding a pigment to the melted, mixed phase change ink carrier and optional dispersant in the jacketed vessel; wetting the pigment; after pigment wetting, reducing the pigment particle size using an immersion mill or basket mill attachment in the jacketed vessel; and discharging the pigment dispersion.

Abstract: A dry flushed pigment comprises a dry pigment and a flushing agent. Particles of the dry pigment are dispersed into the flushing agent. The dry flushed pigment may have at least 20 percent by weight dry pigment. The dry flushed pigment may have a range of 20 to 80 percent dry pigment by weight. A pigment concentrate comprising a dry flushed pigment and one or more of a group of an ink carrier, a dispersant, or a synergist, where the dry flushed pigment is mixed with one or more of the ink carrier, dispersant or synergist and then milled to create the pigment concentrate. The pigment in the pigment concentrate has a Z-average particle size in the range of 75 nm to 250 nm. The pigment in the pigment concentrates is present in the amount from about 15 to 60 percent by weight of the pigment concentrate.

Abstract: A process for making a latex emulsion including contacting at least one amorphous polyester resin with at least two organic solvents to form a resin mixture, adding a neutralizing agent, and deionized water to the resin mixture, removing the solvent from the formed latex, and separating the solvent from water. Further, the process is carried out above the resin Tg for making the latex, which drives the latex particle size under 100 nm, where toners made from the latex show improved charging performance.