Abstract: A novel synthetic functionalized backbone polymer is provided which is a polyanionic side-chain functionalized backbone polymer comprising a hydrophilic backbone polymer functionalized with an activated alkene or epoxy group. The functionalized backbone polymer may be combined with a free or protected thiol-containing compound to form a crosslinked hydrogel having biomedical application, and may additionally be combined with a hydrogel matrix to yield a hydrogel system useful for in vivo delivery of cells and other therapeutic agents.

Abstract: A replacement bottle cap for commonly used beverage bottles that provides a resealable spout that dispenses liquid at a selected rate. An end-cap is slidably affixed to a cental body and comprising a spout with perforations for dispensing and regulating the flow of liquid and an internal sealing means to prevent or allow liquid to flow through the spout cap, that may be opened or closed through the movement of the end-cap along the central body into discrete, releasably fixed positions.