Abstract: Disclosed are engineered vertebral disc implants comprising an engineered vertebral disc, wherein the engineered vertebral disc comprises a nucleus pulposus region and an annulus fibrosus region; and two endplates, wherein the endplates comprise a porous polymer foam, and wherein the endplates comprise channels. Disclosed are methods of treating disc degeneration comprising implanting one or more of the disclosed engineered vertebral disc implants to a subject in need thereof, wherein the endplates of the engineered vertebral disc implant are attached to the vertebra of the subject.