Abstract: A method for providing a miniature vector magnetometer includes embedding a micron-sized diamond nitrogen-vacancy (DNV) crystal into a bonding material. The bonding material including the embedded micron-sized DNV crystal is cured to form a micro-DNV sensor. A micro-DNV assembly is formed by integrating the micro-DNV sensor with a micro-radio-frequency (RF) source, a micron-sized light source, a reference bias magnet, and one or more micro-photo detectors. The micro-DNV assembly is operable to perform vector magnetometry when positioned in an external magnetic field.

Abstract: Perforated graphene and other perforated two-dimensional materials can be used in hemodialysis membranes and blood filtration membranes for selective removal of components from blood in vivo and ex vivo. The membranes are useful in hemodialysis and hemofiltration techniques to provide improved patient care. Hemodialysis systems can include a hemodialysis membrane formed from perforated graphene or another perforated two-dimensional material disposed upon a porous support structure. Hemofiltration systems can include one or more and preferably two or more blood filtration membrane formed from perforated graphene or another perforated two-dimensional material disposed upon a porous support structure. Methods for performing hemodialysis can involve exposing blood from a patient to a hemodialysis membrane formed from a perforated two-dimensional material. Ex vivo dialysis techniques can be performed similarly.

Abstract: Perforated graphene and other perforated two-dimensional materials can be used to sequester target entities having a particular range of sizes or chemical characteristics. The target entities sequestered thereon can be further assayed for quantification/qualification purposes. Use of multiple filter membranes can allow particular size ranges or chemical characteristics of target entities to be isolated and further analyzed. Methods for assaying a target entity, particularly a biological target entity, can include providing one or more filter membranes disposed in series with one another, the filter membranes containing a perforated two-dimensional material, and the filter membranes having an effective pore size that decreases in a direction of intended fluid flow; and passing a fluid through the filter membranes. The methods can also include assaying for at least one target entity on the filter membranes.

Abstract: A method for providing a miniature vector magnetometer includes embedding a micron-sized diamond nitrogen-vacancy (DNV) crystal into a bonding material. The bonding material including the embedded micron-sized DNV crystal is cured to form a micro-DNV sensor. A micro-DNV assembly is formed by integrating the micro-DNV sensor with a micro-radio-frequency (RF) source, a micron-sized light source, a reference bias magnet, and one or more micro-photo detectors. The micro-DNV assembly is operable to perform vector magnetometry when positioned in an external magnetic field.

Abstract: Two-dimensional materials, particularly graphene-based materials, having a plurality of apertures thereon can be formed into enclosures for various substances and introduced to an environment, particularly a biological environment (in vivo or in vitro). One or more selected substances can be released into the environment, one or more selected substances from the environment can enter the enclosure, one or more selected substances from the environment can be prevented from entering the enclosure, one or more selected substances can be retained within the enclosure, or combinations thereof. The enclosure can for example allow a sense-response paradigm to be realized. The enclosure can for example provide immunoisolation for materials, such as living cells, retained therein.

Abstract: Perforated graphene and other perforated two-dimensional materials can be used in hemodialysis membranes and blood filtration membranes for selective removal of components from blood in vivo and ex vivo. The membranes are useful in hemodialysis and hemofiltration techniques to provide improved patient care. Hemodialysis systems can include a hemodialysis membrane formed from perforated graphene or another perforated two-dimensional material disposed upon a porous support structure. Hemofiltration systems can include one or more and preferably two or more blood filtration membrane formed from perforated graphene or another perforated two-dimensional material disposed upon a porous support structure. Methods for performing hemodialysis can involve exposing blood from a patient to a hemodialysis membrane formed from a perforated two-dimensional material. Ex vivo dialysis techniques can be performed similarly.

Abstract: A device for separating a component from a medium includes at least one charging area to apply an electrical charge to the medium which aligns the medium according to a polarity of the electrical charge. At least one screening area is associated with the charging area to separate a component from the aligned medium.

Abstract: Two-dimensional materials, particularly graphene-based materials, having a plurality of apertures thereon can be formed into enclosures for various substances and introduced to an environment, particularly a biological environment (in vivo or in vitro). One or more selected substances can be released into the environment, one or more selected substances from the environment can enter the enclosure, one or more selected substances from the environment can be prevented from entering the enclosure, one or more selected substances can be retained within the enclosure, or combinations thereof. The enclosure can for example allow a sense-response paradigm to be realized. The enclosure can for example provide immunoisolation for materials, such as living cells, retained therein.

Abstract: A molecular separation device includes a chamber having an inlet and an outlet through which flows an aqueous suspension and a porous separation membrane positioned in the chamber substantially orthogonally to the flow of the aqueous suspension. An electrical charging device connects to the separation membrane to apply a periodic electric charge so as to collect components blocked by the porous separation membrane. Related methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A molecular separation device includes a chamber having an inlet and an outlet through which flows an aqueous suspension and a porous separation membrane positioned in the chamber substantially orthogonally to the flow of the aqueous suspension. An electrical charging device connects to the separation membrane to apply a periodic electric charge so as to collect components blocked by the porous separation membrane. Related methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A molecular separation device includes a chamber having an inlet and an outlet through which flows an aqueous suspension and a porous separation membrane positioned in the chamber substantially orthogonally to the flow of the aqueous suspension. An electrical charging device connects to the separation membrane to apply a periodic electric charge so as to collect components blocked by the porous separation membrane. Related methods are also disclosed.