Abstract: Methods of fabricating a membrane comprising proteoliposomes having protein water channels are provided herein. The method may include providing a porous substrate, depositing a solution containing proteoliposomes on the porous substrate, and then contacting the porous substrate with an aqueous monomer solution and an organic monomer solution to form a selective layer on the porous substrate embedding the proteoliposomes. The method may include depositing the aqueous monomer solution, then the solution containing the proteoliposomes, then the organic monomer solution, to form the selective layer. The present disclosure also describes the membrane and a system operable to accommodate both methods.

Abstract: There is provided a method of forming forward osmosis (FO) membranes. The FO membrane should have 1) at least one active rejection layer with high water permeability and solute rejection, 2) a support structure or substrate with tailored properties to reduce ICP, and 3) high membrane stability.