Abstract: A method of removing a plurality of portions of a black layer of an electrical conduit for a photovoltaic cell is disclosed. The method includes providing a mandrel having the electrical conduit electroformed in the mandrel. The electrical conduit is formed in a preformed pattern on an outer surface of the mandrel. The electrical conduit has the black layer with a black layer thickness on a side opposite of the outer surface of the mandrel. A beam of a laser is controlled toward the black layer of the electrical conduit. The beam is characterized by laser parameters. The beam of the laser removes the plurality of portions of the black layer on the electrical conduit. Each removed portion of the plurality of portions of the black layer has a thickness equal to the black layer thickness, and a portion area of 5 mm2 to 20 mm2.

Abstract: A method includes providing a mandrel having an electrical conduit electroformed in the mandrel. The second side of the electrical conduit is blackened while in the mandrel to create a black layer on the electrical conduit. The mandrel is aligned in a flatness fixture such that the mandrel is substantially flat. The mandrel remains flat and in a fixed relationship to the flatness fixture throughout the method. A beam of a laser is controlled toward the black layer. The beam has laser parameters including a power output, a frequency and a mark speed, and selected by setting the power output and the mark speed then determining the frequency. The beam removes a plurality of the portions of the black layer. Each removed portion of the plurality of the portions has a thickness equal to the black layer thickness, and a portion area of 9 mm2 to 18 mm2.

Abstract: A method includes providing a mandrel having an electrical conduit electroformed in the mandrel. The second side of the electrical conduit is blackened while in the mandrel to create a black layer on the electrical conduit. The mandrel is aligned in a flatness fixture such that the mandrel is substantially flat. The mandrel remains flat and in a fixed relationship to the flatness fixture throughout the method. A beam of a laser is controlled toward the black layer. The beam has laser parameters including a power output, a frequency and a mark speed, and selected by setting the power output and the mark speed then determining the frequency. The beam removes a plurality of the portions of the black layer. Each removed portion of the plurality of the portions has a thickness equal to the black layer thickness, and a portion area of 9 mm2 to 18 mm2.