Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided. The method comprises defining a geographical position of a base station by a first coordinate value and a second coordinate value; modifying the first coordinate value based on the second coordinate value; and generating an identifier based on at least the modified first coordinate value.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining a private key for a first network based on at least one security value associated with a second network. The method further includes establishing a plurality of sessions between a mobile terminal and the first network based on the private key.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing authentication in a communications system is provided. The method includes receiving a request for authentication from a server, the request for authentication including a first and a second random challenge, and comparing the first random challenge and the second random challenge. The method further includes denying the request for authentication in response to determining that the first random challenge is substantially the same as the second random challenge, and transmitting an encoded value to the server in response to determining that the first random challenge is different from the second random challenge, wherein the encoded value is generated based on the first and second random challenge and a key that is not shared with the server.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing authentication in a communications system is provided. The method includes receiving a request for authentication from a server, the request for authentication including a first and a second random challenge, and comparing the first random challenge and the second random challenge. The method further includes denying the request for authentication in response to determining that the first random challenge is substantially the same as the second random challenge, and transmitting an encoded value to the server in response to determining that the first random challenge is different from the second random challenge, wherein the encoded value is generated based on the first and second random challenge and a key that is not shared with the server.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing authentication in a communications system is provided. The method includes receiving a request for authentication from a server, the request for authentication including a first and a second random challenge, and comparing the first random challenge and the second random challenge. The method further includes denying the request for authentication in response to determining that the first random challenge is substantially the same as the second random challenge, and transmitting an encoded value to the server in response to determining that the first random challenge is different from the second random challenge, wherein the encoded value is generated based on the first and second random challenge and a key that is not shared with the server.

Abstract: The number of calculations to determine the most likely path is reduced by eliminating a number of paths that are impossible to provide an optimal result. How to eliminate these non-optimal paths, thus greatly reducing the number of calculations performed by a signal processor. The determination of the probability score of the best path to state s at time t may be found as follows. First, transition probabilities to state s are sorted in order of descending probability. Second, the k highest probability scores at time t-1 are identified. Third, the highest transition probability associated with the k highest probability scores at t-1 is identified and designated maxrank. Fourth, the k highest probability scores at t-1 are multiplied with their associated transition probabilities with the highest product being designated maxvalue. Fifth, all transition probabilities higher than maxrank are multiplied with their associated probability scores at t-1.