Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and processes of preparing vadadustat and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and intermediates of formula (I) and their salts useful for the synthesis of vadadustat.

Abstract: In the case of a mounting apparatus, an optical element having an inner mount and an outer mount, in particular a lens in a projection lens system for semiconductor lithography, the inner mount is connected to the outer mount via three circumferentially distributed articulations. Manipulators, whereby said inner mount is displaceable, act on the articulations. The articulations comprise a mechanism which transforms a radial movement into an axial movement.

Abstract: In the case of a mounting apparatus, an optical element having an inner mount and an outer mount, in particular a lens in a projection lens system for semiconductor lithography, the inner mount is connected to the outer mount via three circumferentially distributed solid-state articulations. Manipulators, by means of which the inner mount can be displaced, act on the solid-state articulations. The solid-state articulations are T-shaped in cross section with a T-bar and a T-support. Attachment points between the inner mount and the outer mount are located in each case in the region of the outer ends of the T-bar. The manipulators act on the T-support in each case.

Abstract: In the case of a mounting apparatus, an optical element having an inner mount and an outer mount, in particular a lens in a projection lens system for semiconductor lithography, the inner mount is connected to the outer mount via three circumferentially distributed solid-state articulations. Manipulators, by means of which the inner mount can be displaced, act on the solid-state articulations. The solid-state articulations are T-shaped in cross section with a T-bar and a T-support. Attachment points between the inner mount and the outer mount are located in each case in the region of the outer ends of the T-bar. The manipulators act on the T-support in each case.

Abstract: An assembly includes a holder made of material selected from metal and ceramic/glass ceramic, a transparent optical component that is transparent in the ultraviolet (UV) wavelength region of light, which has functional faces serving for transmission, and adhesive that is hardenable by UV light of a given long wavelength region, a layer applied by thin film technology and fixed to the holder by the adhesive. The layer is provided only outside said functional faces and to a high degree at least reflects or absorbs radiated light in a predetermined UV wavelength region within the UV wavelength region transmitted by the transparent optical component, and is transparent in the given long wavelength region to harden the adhesive by UV light irradiation that passes through the transparent optical component and the layer.

Abstract: An assembly includes a holder and a transparent component that transmits in the ultraviolet spectral region and is adhered by means of an adhesive. The adhesive is hardenable by UV light with a given spectral distribution. A layer is applied by thin film technology on the transparent component in the region of the adhesive and transmits UV light of the spectral region suitable for hardening the adhesive and to a high degree reflects and/or absorbs UV light within a useful spectral region within the spectral region transmitted by the transparent component.