Abstract: A superconducting cable having improved transmission efficiency facilitates the laying operation and reduces heat intrusion. The superconducting cable comprises a first pipe 105 within which are accommodated a refrigerant passage section 101, a superconducting member 102 and an electrical insulating section 103, and a second pipe 106 arranged on the outer side of the first pipe. A vacuum heat insulating section 104 is provided between the first and second pipes. The second pipe is formed of a ferromagnetic material.

Abstract: Cutting method of ingot into wafers along cleavage plane. Onto surface of single crystal ingot 10 is implanted ion beam 23 to generate lattice defects in a direction defined by the crystal axes that corresponds to the cleavage plane. Cleavage is generated by applying a shock by a knife edge to the position of the lattice having a cutting face as a cleavage plane. Production time of waters is reduced with a more numbers of sliced wafers from one ingot.

Abstract: An apparatus and method which enhances the electron emission efficiency in a field emission apparatus having carbon nanotube(s) in a cathode as an electron emitting material. In a field emission apparatus having carbonanotube(s) as an electron emitting material on a cathode 2, the electron emission efficiency from the carbon nanotube(s) 1 is enhanced by irradiating carbon nanotubes 1 with infrared light.

Abstract: A process and apparatus assuring low costs and high efficiency in practicing refuse incineration. A applying electromagnetic wave of a frequency band resonant with rotation or vibration of a specific substance e.g., dioxins molecule, thereby to heat the dioxins molecule selectively up to high temperature to remove the dioxins molecule by decomposition.

Abstract: A process and apparatus assuring low costs and high efficiency in practicing refuse incineration. A applying electromagnetic wave of a frequency band resonant with rotation or vibration of a specific substance e.g., dioxins molecule, thereby to heat the dioxins molecule selectively up to high temperature to remove the dioxins molecule by decomposition.

Abstract: In a superconducting coil system an m×n array of wound cores are arranged and n pairs of strands, totalling at 2n strands, are passed in pairs through the hollow center of the cores so that the current will flow in mutually opposite directions in each paired strands. The system can reduce AC loss, completely avoiding current imbalance in strands and being designed easily.

Abstract: A process and apparatus assuring low costs and high efficiency in practicing refuse incineration. A applying electromagnetic wave of a frequency band resonant with rotation or vibration of a specific substance e.g., dioxins molecule, thereby to heat the dioxins molecule selectively up to high temperature to remove the dioxins molecule by decomposition.

Abstract: Current leads are used for connecting a power supply placed in a room-temature environment and a superconducting coil placed in an ultralow-temperature environment. The current leads includes a first current lead and a second current lead. The first current lead is made up of a room-temperature N-type thermoelectric semiconductor, a low-temperature N-type thermoelectric semiconductor, and a high-temperature superconductor. The second current lead is made up of a room-temperature P-type thermoelectric semiconductor, a low-temperature P-type thermoelectric semiconductor, and a high-temperature superconductor. At least one of the first and second current leads is formed of a functionally gradient material.

Abstract: A power lead for electrically connecting a superconducting coil with a power supply, comprising thermoelectric cooling means, said means including at least an N-type thermoelectric member and a P-type thermoelectric member, being electrically connected to a positive side and a negative side of said power supply, respectively.

Abstract: A power lead for electrically connecting a superconducting coil with a power supply, comprising thermoelectric cooling means, said means including at least an N-type thermoelectric member and a P-type thermoelectric member, being electrically connected to a positive side and a negative side of said power supply, respectively.

Abstract: A thermoelectric conversion member formed by a thermoelectric conversion element has a split ring shaped transverse cross section. Electrodes are disposed on ring ends of the thermoelectric conversion member facing each other. A magnetic field generating unit generates a magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the transverse cross-sectional plane of the thermoelectric conversion member. A heating unit for heating one side of an annular wall of the thermoelectric conversion member and a cooling unit provided on the opposite side of the annular wall of the thermoelectric conversion member produces a temperature gradient in a direction radially of the thermoelectric conversion member. Electric field is induced in the direction perpendicular to both directions of the magnetic field and the temperature gradient, that is in the circumferential direction of the ring of the thermoelectric conversion member under the Nernst effect, enabling an electric voltage to be taken out at the electrodes.

Abstract: A rectifying saturable reactor generates a magnetic force in a magnetic iron core in response to a current that flows through an electronic circuit. The saturable reactor makes use of saturable magnetic flux in view of a hysteresis loop of a magnetic material for rectification and selects the saturated magnetic flux to be greater than an integrated value of a voltage applied to the rectifier in the rectifying circuit. In order to improve a rectifying performance, a no cut and one turn structure or an equivalent is introduced into a magnetic core for providing a hysteresis loop that varies as much as possible in magnetic induction.

Abstract: A capacitor bank comprising a plurality of capacitor units coupled in parallel, and an energy absorbing resistor Rj is inserted in series with each one Cj of the capacitor units. Thus, when a capacitor unit Cj suffers an insulation failure, the energy flowing into the failing capacitor unit Cj from the other capacitor units is absorbed substantially by the resistor Rj. The capacitor bank may comprise several serially connected rows of parallel connected capacitor units, an energy absorbing capacitor Rij being inserted in series with each one Cij of the capacitor units. Further, each capacitor unit Cj may be provided with a protective short-circuiting device Sj, which short circuits the two terminals of the capacitor unit Cj via a bypass line 9 upon an occurance of failure of the capacitor unit Cj. An oscillation preventing resistor Ry is connected in series with each capacitor unit Cj in addition to an energy absorbing resistor Rx.

Abstract: A reversed field pinch apparatus is equipped with a first OH coil and a second OH coil which are inductively coupled with a plasma. The first OH coil is supplied a low-level alternating current for performing F-.THETA. pumping, while the second OH coil is supplied a high-level direct current for forming a plasma current.