Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of the active pharmaceutical ingredient Fingolimod Hydrochloride (I) and its highly pure intermediate [2-acetamido-2-(acetyloxy methyl)-4-phenylbutyl] acetate(II)

Abstract: Multiple key-value stores may be employed to smooth out random updates (based on the extent ID) to the EMAP database. The updates to the EMAP database occur in a two-stage manner: (i) using an append-only log store for the first stage and (ii) using an on-disk hash store for the second stage. The append-only log store is used to convert the random updates to sequential write operations on the EMAP database. Once full, the contents of the log store are sorted and moved to the on-disk hash store, which holds the updates for a transient period of time to enable batching of the updates. Once sufficient batching of the extent map entries are accumulated, those entries are sorted and moved to the EMAP database. Thereafter, the EMAP database can be scanned to find extent map entries having identical checksum bits to perform data deduplication.

Abstract: Multiple key-value stores may be employed to smooth out random updates (based on the extent ID) to the EMAP database. The updates to the EMAP database occur in a two-stage manner: (i) using an append-only log store for the first stage and (ii) using an on-disk hash store for the second stage. The append-only log store is used to convert the random updates to sequential write operations on the EMAP database. Once full, the contents of the log store are sorted and moved to the on-disk hash store, which holds the updates for a transient period of time to enable batching of the updates. Once sufficient batching of the extent map entries are accumulated, those entries are sorted and moved to the EMAP database. Thereafter, the EMAP database can be scanned to find extent map entries having identical checksum bits to perform data deduplication.

Abstract: Multiple key-value stores may be employed to smooth out random updates (based on the extent ID) to the EMAP database. The updates to the EMAP database occur in a two-stage manner: (i) using an append-only log store for the first stage and (ii) using an on-disk hash store for the second stage. The append-only log store is used to convert the random updates to sequential write operations on the EMAP database. Once full, the contents of the log store are sorted and moved to the on-disk hash store, which holds the updates for a transient period of time to enable batching of the updates. Once sufficient batching of the extent map entries are accumulated, those entries are sorted and moved to the EMAP database. Thereafter, the EMAP database can be scanned to find extent map entries having identical checksum bits to perform data deduplication.

Abstract: An extent map (EMAP) database may include one or more extent map entries configured to map extent IDs to PVBNs. Each extent ID may be apportioned into a most significant bit (MSB) portion, i.e., checksum bits, and a least significant bit (LSB) portion, i.e., duplicate bits. A hash may be applied to the data of the extent to calculate the checksum bits, which illustratively represent a fingerprint of the data. The duplicate bits may be configured to denote any reoccurrence of the checksum bits in the EMAP database, i.e., whether there is an existing extent with potentially identical data in a volume of the aggregate. Each extent map entry may be inserted on a node having one or more key/value pairs, wherein the key is the extent ID and the value is the PVBN. The EMAP database may be scanned and utilized to perform data deduplication.

Abstract: An extent map (EMAP) database may include one or more extent map entries configured to map extent IDs to PVBNs. Each extent ID may be apportioned into a most significant bit (MSB) portion, i.e., checksum bits, and a least significant bit (LSB) portion, i.e., duplicate bits. A hash may be applied to the data of the extent to calculate the checksum bits, which illustratively represent a fingerprint of the data. The duplicate bits may be configured to denote any reoccurrence of the checksum bits in the EMAP database, i.e., whether there is an existing extent with potentially identical data in a volume of the aggregate. Each extent map entry may be inserted on a node having one or more key/value pairs, wherein the key is the extent ID and the value is the PVBN. The EMAP database may be scanned and utilized to perform data deduplication.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to managing content over a network. A plurality of events that may be associated with event sources may be determined. Action information may be generated based on classification of events to action events, such that the events may correspond to a campaign for a merchant. Classifying the events may also include, determining an action type that may correspond to each event based in part on an event source that corresponds to the events. Performance information may be generated based on the action information. Comparison information may be generated based on at least other performance information that may correspond to other campaigns that may be associated with other merchants. Recommendation information may be generated based on the performance information and the comparison information. Report information may be generated for display to a user based on the performance information and the recommendation information.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to managing content over a network. Managed content may be provided to a client application. A widget controller may be arranged to determine locations that may be associated with a consumer based on information included in a consumer profile. The widget controller may enable the consumer to identify a hyper local region corresponding to the determined location that may be associated with the consumer. The widget controller may generate a request for content to a content delivery server based on the consumer's profile. Content corresponding to the request may be provided to the client application from the content delivery server. The widget controller may then deploy to the content to at least one widget. The widget controller may monitor the widgets to detect and track consumer actions with the widgets. The consumer actions may be communicated a content management server for further analysis.

Abstract: A technique for data de-duplication is applied to suspend and resume operations for virtual machines (VMs) to reduce the time needed to suspend or resume a virtual machine and store the suspended VMs in a space-efficient and time-efficient manner. A VM's state is serialized and written to disk in the form of key values that are used to retrieve data from a key-data map. The key-data map stores unique data blocks for suspended VM images. The key-data map can be stored in a solid-state drive to further reduce latency and access time.

Abstract: A storage server is coupled to a storage device that stores blocks of data, and generates a fingerprint for each data block stored on the storage device. The storage server creates a fingerprints datastore that is divided into a primary datastore and a secondary datastore. The primary datastore comprises a single entry for each unique fingerprint and the secondary datastore comprises an entry having an identical fingerprint as an entry in the primary datastore. The storage server merges entries in a changelog with the entries in the primary datastore to identify duplicate data blocks in the storage device and frees the identified duplicate data blocks in the storage device. The storage server stores the entries that correspond to the freed data blocks to a third datastore and overwrites the primary datastore with the entries from the merged data that correspond to the unique fingerprints to create an updated primary datastore.

Abstract: A technique for data de-duplication is applied to suspend and resume operations for virtual machines (VMs) to reduce the time needed to suspend or resume a virtual machine and store the suspended VMs in a space-efficient and time-efficient manner. A VM's state is serialized and written to disk in the form of key values that are used to retrieve data from a key-data map. The key-data map stores unique data blocks for suspended VM images. The key-data map can be stored in a solid-state drive to further reduce latency and access time.

Abstract: A storage server is coupled to a storage device that stores data blocks, and generates a fingerprint for each data block stored on the storage device. The storage server creates a master datastore and a plurality of datastore segments. The master datastore comprises an entry for each data block that is written to the storage device and a datastore segment comprises an entry for a new data block or a modified data block that is subsequently written to the storage device. The storage server merges the entries in the datastore segments with the entries in the master datastore in memory to free duplicate data blocks in the storage device. The storage server overwrites the master datastore with the entries in the plurality of datastore segments and the entries in the master datastore to create an updated master datastore in response to detecting that the number of datastore segments meets a threshold.

Abstract: A storage server is coupled to a storage device that stores blocks of data, and generates a fingerprint for each data block stored on the storage device. The storage server creates a fingerprints datastore that is divided into a primary datastore and a secondary datastore. The primary datastore comprises a single entry for each unique fingerprint and the secondary datastore comprises an entry having an identical fingerprint as an entry in the primary datastore. The storage server merges entries in a changelog with the entries in the primary datastore to identify duplicate data blocks in the storage device and frees the identified duplicate data blocks in the storage device. The storage server stores the entries that correspond to the freed data blocks to a third datastore and overwrites the primary datastore with the entries from the merged data that correspond to the unique fingerprints to create an updated primary datastore.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and non-transitory machine readable media for determining block characteristics include one or more processors, a memory for storing instructions for the one or more processors, persistent storage, and a file system implemented in the persistent storage and storing data in the persistent storage using a plurality of blocks. When the stored instructions are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors are configured to traverse the plurality of blocks, read contents of a first block selected from the plurality of blocks, determine one or more characteristics of the first block from metadata within the block, and selectively perform or not perform a storage operation with respect to the first data block in response to determining the one or more characteristics. In some embodiments, the storage operation is a replication operation or a deduplication operation.

Abstract: A storage server is coupled to a storage device that stores blocks of data, and generates a fingerprint for each data block stored on the storage device. The storage server creates a fingerprints datastore that is divided into a primary datastore and a secondary datastore. The primary datastore comprises a single entry for each unique fingerprint and the secondary datastore comprises an entry having an identical fingerprint as an entry in the primary datastore. The storage server merges entries in a changelog with the entries in the primary datastore to identify duplicate data blocks in the storage device and frees the identified duplicate data blocks in the storage device. The storage server stores the entries that correspond to the freed data blocks to a third datastore and overwrites the primary datastore with the entries from the merged data that correspond to the unique fingerprints to create an updated primary datastore.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, a contact actuating mechanism is provided with a rotary contact to make and break electrical contacts. An operating knob is connected an operating lever and to a connecting link through a U-shaped pin. The operating lever is engaged with a lock lever. The connecting link is also coupled to the rotary contact through a pivot so that the operating knob is moved to displace the connecting link to move the rotary contact to make and break with electrical contacts.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, a contact actuating mechanism is provided with a rotary contact to make and break electrical contacts. An operating knob is connected an operating lever and to a connecting link through a U-shaped pin. The operating lever is engaged with a lock lever. The connecting link is also coupled to the rotary contact through a pivot so that the operating knob is moved to displace the connecting link to move the rotary contact to make and break with electrical contacts.

Abstract: The embodiment provide an assembly of contact indication and label holder using the same component for switching devices to provide safety indications to the technicians or end users. The assembly comprises of a tag and label holder. Tagging arrangement consists of an indication window for indication status of MCB i.e. ON/OFF and two hinges for holding label holder. The component also has two windows, which are intended for locking of label holder and groove for holding indicating paper. The user can write details on this indicating paper i.e. with which place it is connected and other details. The label holder has an inbuilt lens for giving contact indication a zooming effect for clear differentiation between red and green color of indication flag.