Abstract: A low heat, electrochemical cascade process generates iron metal (Fe2) from iron ore and a sequence of alkaline electrolytic solutions. An intermediate phase favors iron oxide in a layered double hydroxide (LDH) form resulting from conditioning silicates in the alkaline solution over chemically inert Fe3O4 formation. The alkaline electrolytic solution mitigates production of hydrogen gas over acidic approaches by inhibiting a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) that forms parasitic hydrogen gas. An electrolyte containment generates an electrolyte flow for the cascading electrochemical reaction as the raw iron oxide transforms to iron metal while avoiding conventional shortcomings of low value products of Fe3O4 (magnetite) and hydrogen gas, and instead favors generation of iron metal. Additional electrolyte salts can further form iron alloys.

Abstract: A method includes for i) creating a 3D model of the machine part after use: ii) mounting the machine part on a means for rotation; iii) obtaining an image of an initial section of an external surface of said machine part: iv) rotating the machine part by a specific amount; v) obtaining an image of a further section of the external surface that overlaps with the initial section; vi) repeating steps iii) to v) until the whole external surface has been imaged; vii) removing the overlapping sections of the images and creating a single continuous image of the external surface; viii) assigning a value to each pixel in the image related to the presence of deposits therein; and ix) applying the dataset obtained in step viii) to the 3D model created in step i) to produce an accurate 3D representation for visualisation and quantification of the deposits on the machine part.

Abstract: A universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter includes a transmission register to include information to be transmitted, a receive register to include information received, a frame error checking circuit to evaluate contents of the receive register for a frame error, and control logic. The control logic is to route the contents of the transmission register to the receive register. The control logic is to, during transmission of the contents of the transmission register through the reprogrammable pin to the receive register, modify a bit inversion register to yield modified contents to be provided to the receive register. The modified contents are to cause a frame error. The control logic is to determine whether the frame error checking circuit detected the frame error.

Abstract: A universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter includes a transmission register to include information to be transmitted, a receive register to include information received, a frame error checking circuit to evaluate contents of the receive register for a frame error, and control logic. The control logic is to route the contents of the transmission register to the receive register. The control logic is to, during transmission of the contents of the transmission register through the reprogrammable pin to the receive register, modify a bit inversion register to yield modified contents to be provided to the receive register. The modified contents are to cause a frame error. The control logic is to determine whether the frame error checking circuit detected the frame error.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bituminous composition comprising from 20 wt % to 99.9 wt % of bitumen, from 0.01 wt % to 10 wt % of a maleimide compound and from 0.5 to 75 wt % of sulphur, by weight of the bituminous composition. The present invention also relates to an asphalt composition comprising said bituminous composition and filler and/or aggregate. The bituminous and asphalt compositions of the present invention exhibit significantly reduced H2S emissions.

Abstract: A method of authentication of a verifying device by a confirming device includes the confirming device receiving and storing a shared secret derived from at least a password of a user and sending a challenge. The method further includes the confirming device receiving a response to the challenge using the shared secret; determining if the response to the challenge is correct and if the response to the challenge is correct, authenticating the verifying device.

Abstract: A core-shell particle is formed by a method that includes forming a crosslinked polyorganosiloxane core, reacting a graftlinking agent with the crosslinked polyorganosiloxane core, and polymerizing a poly(alkenyl aromatic) shell around the graftlinking agent-functionalized polyorganosiloxane core. The method produces a core-shell particle with improved adhesion between shell and core. The core-shell particle is useful as an impact modifier in thermoplastic compositions.

Abstract: A method for managing communication in a peer-to-peer network in which overlay information is updated on-demand such that neighboring node information is updated at least periodically and other overlay information is updated on-demand (from standard communications). For example, in one aspect, the network includes a plurality of nodes, and the method includes sending a leaving message from a leaving node to the predecessor and successor nodes of the leaving node, the leaving message including information relating to the leaving node, updating each of the predecessor and successor nodes exclusive of any other nodes of the plurality of nodes.

Abstract: A method of authentication of peers of a peer-to-peer network includes a certificate issuer tracking at most a predetermined number of node IDs for each peer on the peer-to-peer network, a requesting peer requesting from the certificate issuer a certificate for authenticating a communicating peer and each certificate issued listing at least one node ID of the predetermined number of node IDs assigned for the communicating peer.

Abstract: A method for managing communication in a peer-to-peer network in which overlay information is updated on-demand such that neighboring node information is updated at least periodically and other overlay information is updated on-demand (from standard communications). For example, in one aspect, the network includes a plurality of nodes, and the method includes sending a leaving message from a leaving node to the predecessor and successor nodes of the leaving node, the leaving message including information relating to the leaving node, updating each of the predecessor and successor nodes exclusive of any other nodes of the plurality of nodes.

Abstract: A method for managing communication in a peer-to-peer network in which overlay information is updated on-demand such that neighboring node information is updated at least periodically and other overlay information is updated on-demand (from standard communications). For example, in one aspect, the network includes a plurality of nodes, and the method includes looking up at least one neighboring node, sending a joining message from a joining node to the neighboring node, the joining message including information relating to the joining node, joining the joining node to the network by updating each neighboring node exclusive of any other nodes of the plurality of nodes, sending reply messages from each neighboring node to the joining node, and updating the joining node with information from each neighboring node, exclusive of any other nodes of the plurality of nodes.

Abstract: A mobility signaling method and apparatus are disclosed. Mobility signaling is performed by, first, generating a mobility signaling message (300, 302) at a mobile node (100) to be sent to a correspondent node (112). Next, either direct signaling or indirect signaling is selected as a signaling mechanism for the mobility signaling message (300, 302) based on a cell residence heuristic. The mobility signaling message (300, 302) is then sent to the correspondent node using the selected signaling mechanism for the mobility signaling message (300, 302).

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to limit access to a secure personal network are provided. The method includes receiving an Internet protocol (IP) packet of a device including a confirmation value associated with the SPN. The method compares the confirmation value to a predetermined confirmation value and allows access to the SPN when the confirmation value matches the predetermined confirmation value. The IP packet is dropped otherwise. The confirmation value and the predetermined confirmation value are generated by an algorithm including a pseudorandom number generator, a hash function and a one-time password.

Abstract: A core-shell particle is formed by a method that includes forming a crosslinked polyorganosiloxane core, reacting a graftlinking agent with the crosslinked polyorganosiloxane core, and polymerizing a poly(alkenyl aromatic) shell around the graftlinking agent-functionalized polyorganosiloxane core. The method produces a core-shell particle with improved adhesion between shell and core. The core-shell particle is useful as an impact modifier in thermoplastic compositions.

Abstract: A method of router reachability verification for hosts in computer networks such as IPv6 networks is presented where hosts transmit router solicitations including information identifying a current router, and possibly one or more previous routers. A router that receives the router solicitations may then determine if it is the current router or one of the previous routers from the router solicitation information. If a router receiving the router solicitation is the current router, it waits a first delay before transmitting a router advertisement (RA). If the router is not a current router, it waits a second, longer delay. Accordingly, hosts may receive RAs from their current router before any other routers, thereby preventing unnecessary hand-offs. Also, RAs may include target host addresses so that hosts receiving the RAs may be aware of router reachability and avoid attempting to configure to undesirable routers.

Abstract: A protocol for extending session endpoints in an ad-hoc network environment first performs device discovery to determine local devices within its coverage area and the capability of those devices. These local devices then exchange session descriptions with the endpoint device. If the current session may be supported by one of the local devices, the endpoint device, responsive to a command from an user, transfers the session endpoint to the local device and the endpoint device acts as a proxy for the local device in the session. Optionally, if the local device has a path to the correspondent node that is independent of the path through the endpoint device, it establishes the session along this path and then signal the endpoint node to terminate its session.

Abstract: A message system for a peer-to-peer network stores messages or message fragments at multiple peers when a called peer is off-line. The replicated messages or message fragments may be encrypted. According to a pull model, the called peer polls other peers to which it has access when it comes on-line to determine if a message is waiting. According to a push model, the peers storing the message from the calling peer notify the called peer when it comes on line. The system may employ a single level where only message data is stored or two levels where the primary level holds the address of peers that contain the message data which forms the secondary level.

Abstract: A method of authentication of peers of a peer-to-peer network includes a certificate issuer tracking at most a predetermined number of node IDs for each peer on the peer-to-peer network, a requesting peer requesting from the certificate issuer a certificate for authenticating a communicating peer and each certificate issued listing at least one node ID of the predetermined number of node IDs assigned for the communicating peer.

Abstract: A method of authentication of a verifying device by a confirming device includes the confirming device receiving and storing a shared secret derived from at least a password of a user and sending a challenge. The method further includes the confirming device receiving a response to the challenge using the shared secret; determining if the response to the challenge is correct and if the response to the challenge is correct, authenticating the verifying device.

Abstract: A mobility signaling method and apparatus are disclosed. Mobility signaling is performed by, first, generating a mobility signaling message (300, 302) at a mobile node (100) to be sent to a correspondent node (112). Next, either direct signaling or indirect signaling is selected as a signaling mechanism for the mobility signaling message (300, 302) based on a cell residence heuristic. The mobility signaling message (300, 302) is then sent to the correspondent node using the selected signaling mechanism for the mobility signaling message (300, 302).