Abstract: A crystal structure is provided to improve a characteristic of an electrode material, such as vanadium oxide. In the crystal structure, an amorphous state and a layered crystal state coexist at a predetermined ratio in a layered crystalline material such as vanadium oxide. In the layered crystalline material having such a layered crystal structure, layered crystal particles having a layer length L1 of 30 nm or shorter are formed. Ions are easily intercalated to and deintercalated from between the layers. When such a material is used for the positive electrode active material, a nonaqueous lithium secondary battery of which the discharge capacity and the cycle characteristic are good is manufactured.

Abstract: An electrode laminate unit 12 of an electric storage device 10 is composed of positive electrodes 14 and negative electrodes 15, which are alternately laminated, and a lithium electrode 16 is arranged at the outermost part of the electrode laminate unit 12 so as to oppose to the negative electrode 15. A charging/discharging unit 21 having first and second energization control units 21a and 21b is connected to a positive-electrode terminal 18, negative-electrode terminal 19, and a lithium-electrode terminal 20. Electrons are moved from the lithium electrode 16 to the positive electrode 14 through the first energization control unit 21a, and lithium ions are doped into the positive electrode 14 from the lithium electrode 16. Electrons are moved from the lithium electrode 16 to the negative electrode 15 through the second energization control unit 21b, and lithium ions are doped into the negative electrode 15 from the lithium electrode 16.

Abstract: An electrode laminate unit of an electric storage device is composed of positive electrodes and negative electrodes, which are alternately laminated, and a lithium electrode arranged at the outermost part of the electrode laminate unit so as to oppose the negative electrode. A charging/discharging unit having first and second energization control units connected to a positive-electrode terminal, negative-electrode terminal, and a lithium-electrode terminal. Electrons are moved from the lithium electrode to the positive electrode through the first energization control unit, and lithium ions are doped into the positive electrode from the lithium electrode. Electrons are moved from the lithium electrode to the negative electrode through the second energization control unit, and lithium ions are doped into the negative electrode from the lithium electrode. The lithium ions are doped into both of the positive and negative electrodes, whereby the doping time can be dramatically shortened.

Abstract: It has been found that when the potentials of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lithium ion secondary battery after the electrodes are short-circuited are each within a predetermined range, the battery produces high energy density. That is the present invention provides a lithium ion secondary battery having a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte containing a lithium salt and an aprotic organic in which a positive electrode active material is a material allowing lithium ions and/or anions to be reversibly doped thereinto, and a negative electrode active material is a material allowing lithium ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, and the potentials of the positive electrode and the negative electrode after the positive electrode and the negative electrode are short-circuited are each selected to be within a range from 0.5 V to 2.0 V.

Abstract: When a layered crystal material of vanadium pentoxide that can be used as a positive electrode active material is manufactured, a sulfur-containing organic material is not used as a raw material in the present invention. Therefore, uncertain adhesion of the sulfur-containing organic material to the layered crystal material is eliminated. The property of the suspension containing a vanadium compound and plural lithium compounds such as lithium sulfide and lithium hydroxide is adjusted by using these lithium compounds. By this adjustment, the pentavalence of the vanadium ions is controlled to be a desired ratio. Consequently, an active material having reproducibility can be manufactured. First discharge energy of a lithium ion secondary battery using the active material can be enhanced.

Abstract: A crystal structure is provided to improve a characteristic of an electrode material, such as vanadium oxide. In the crystal structure, an amorphous state and a layered crystal state coexist at a predetermined ratio in a layered crystalline material such as vanadium oxide. In the layered crystalline material having such a layered crystal structure, layered crystal particles having a layer length L1 of 30 nm or shorter are formed. Ions are easily intercalated to and deintercalated from between the layers. When such a material is used for the positive electrode active material, a nonaqueous lithium secondary battery of which the discharge capacity and the cycle characteristic are good is manufactured.

Abstract: The ions other than a lithium ion and having a greater ion radius is interposed, before the lithium ion is doped, as an interlayer securing member in a vanadium oxide having a layered crystal into which the lithium ion can be doped. Since the interlayer securing member is interposed, the dope or dedope of the lithium ion into or from the vanadium oxide afterward can smoothly be performed. A sodium ion or the like can be employed as the interlayer securing member.

Abstract: An electrode laminate unit 12 of an electric storage device 10 is composed of positive electrodes 14 and negative electrodes 15, which are alternately laminated, and a lithium electrode 16 is arranged at the outermost part of the electrode laminate unit 12 so as to oppose to the negative electrode 15. A charging/discharging unit 21 having first and second energization control units 21a and 21b is connected to a positive-electrode terminal 18, negative-electrode terminal 19, and a lithium-electrode terminal 20. Electrons are moved from the lithium electrode 16 to the positive electrode 14 through the first energization control unit 21a, and lithium ions are doped into the positive electrode 14 from the lithium electrode 16. Electrons are moved from the lithium electrode 16 to the negative electrode 15 through the second energization control unit 21b, and lithium ions are doped into the negative electrode 15 from the lithium electrode 16.