Abstract: The shaping precision is improved without performing finishing processing. A three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus includes a material ejector that ejects a material of a three-dimensional laminated and shaped object onto a shaping table on which the three-dimensional laminated and shaped object is shaped, a light beam irradiator that irradiates the ejected material with a light beam, a cutter that cuts a bead formed when the material irradiated with the light beam is melted and solidified, and a controller that controls ejection of the material by the material ejector, irradiation with the light beam by the light beam irradiator, and cutting of the bead by the cutter. The cutter cuts an upper surface of the bead by a dimension which is smaller than a laminating height and is ½ or less of a bead thickness.

Abstract: A gear machining machine has a cutter head with improved rigidity. The machine is equipped with a movement base that is movably supported and rotatably supports a rotation table on which an external gear or an internal gear is mounted; a bridge section of a gate-shaped column provided at a location above the movement base; a saddle which is supported by the bridge section in a vertically movable manner; and a cutter head on the front surface of the saddle, the lower end of which rotatably supports a tool. A protrusion which projects forward is provided on the front surface of the cutter head. The tool is disposed so that the front thereof protrudes further forward of an end surface which is the most forward projecting portion of the protrusion.