Abstract: A heat insulating, heat storing, and heat generating material includes first fibers having a function of generating heat through moisture absorption, second fibers having a diameter smaller than a diameter of the first fibers, and a binding material binding together the first fibers, binding together the second fibers, and binding together the first fibers and the second fibers. The binding material contains a thermoplastic resin.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element includes a ferroelectric layer; a first electrode and a second electrode provided on a surface or a surface layer portion of the ferroelectric layer; a common electrode provided on a surface or a surface layer portion of an opposite side to a side of the ferroelectric layer on which the first electrode and the second electrode are provided; and a pair of lead-out electrodes extracting electric power from the ferroelectric layer, in which the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged alternately in a predetermined direction.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting apparatus includes a liquid ejecting head in which liquid is ejected from a nozzle as liquid droplets using a driving signal generated by a driving signal generation unit, wherein the driving signal generation unit fits a difference between a maximum voltage and a minimum voltage, and generates a first driving signal that is transmitted when an ambient temperature is within a predetermined low temperature range, and a second driving signal that is transmitted when the temperature is within a predetermined high temperature range, further the first and second driving signals include a first element that forms a liquid column by pressurizing the pressure chamber and projecting the liquid in the nozzle, and a second element that projects the pressure chamber in a projecting direction of the liquid column from a position where a liquid surface inside the nozzle is connected to an internal surface of the nozzle.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element includes a ferroelectric layer; a first electrode provided on a surface or a surface layer portion of the ferroelectric layer; a second electrode provided on a surface or a surface layer portion of the ferroelectric layer, and allowing a voltage to be applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a pair of lead-out electrodes that extract electric power from the ferroelectric layer, in which the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged alternately in a predetermined direction.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element includes a ferroelectric layer as a photoelectric conversion layer. The ferroelectric layer is formed from a polycrystalline ferroelectric material and includes a plurality of domains. Adjacent two of the plurality of domains have different polarized states.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element includes a ferroelectric layer; a first electrode and a second electrode provided on a surface or a surface layer portion of the ferroelectric layer; a common electrode provided on a surface or a surface layer portion of an opposite side to a side of the ferroelectric layer on which the first electrode and the second electrode are provided; and a pair of lead-out electrodes extracting electric power from the ferroelectric layer, in which the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged alternately in a predetermined direction.

Abstract: A flushing method for a fluid ejecting apparatus that includes a pressure chamber filled with fluid, a pressure generating element on a surface of the pressure chamber that deforms the surface to change the pressure in the pressure chamber, and a nozzle in fluid communication with the pressure chamber that ejects the fluid, the method including repeatedly performing first flushing process a first period; and repeatedly performing a second flushing process with a second period. The flushing processes include causing the pressure chamber to expand into an expanded state, maintaining the expanded state, and contracting the pressure chamber from the expanded state, causing the fluid to be ejected from the nozzle. The amount of fluid ejected from the nozzle in the second flushing process is larger than the amount ejected in the first flushing process.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting apparatus includes a liquid ejecting head in which liquid is ejected from a nozzle as liquid droplets using a driving signal generated by a driving signal generation unit, wherein the driving signal generation unit fits a difference between a maximum voltage and a minimum voltage, and generates a first driving signal that is transmitted when an ambient temperature is within a predetermined low temperature range, and a second driving signal that is transmitted when the temperature is within a predetermined high temperature range, further the first and second driving signals include a first element that forms a liquid column by pressurizing the pressure chamber and projecting the liquid in the nozzle, and a second element that projects the pressure chamber in a projecting direction of the liquid column from a position where a liquid surface inside the nozzle is connected to an internal surface of the nozzle.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting apparatus includes: a head having a nozzle; a pressure-changing unit for changing pressure of liquid in the nozzle in such a manner that the liquid is ejected from the nozzle; a first level-data setting unit for setting a selected first level data from a plurality of first level data, based on an ejecting data for a first kind of liquid; a second level-data setting unit for setting a selected second level data from a plurality of second level data, based on an ejecting data for a second kind of liquid; a driving-signal generator for generating a driving signal; and a driving-pulse generator for generating a driving pulse based on the selected first or second level data and the driving signal. The plurality of first level data and the plurality of second level data are different from each other.

Abstract: A fluid ejecting apparatus that ejects a fluid includes a storage portion that stores a fluid, a head, and a head capping device. The head discharges fluid supplied from the storage portion from a plurality of nozzles and includes a fluid discharging passage through which other fluid is discharged from the storage portion. The head capping device contacts the head and receives the fluid discharged from the plurality of nozzles and the fluid discharged through the fluid discharging passage. The head and the head capping device respectively include a head side flow passage and a head capping device side flow passage, which cooperatively form a circulation flow passage, through which the fluid that flows from the storage portion through the nozzles and the fluid discharged through the fluid discharging passage are returned back to the storage portion, in a state where the head capping device contacts the head.

Abstract: A fluid discharging apparatus including a head, a medium support portion, a contact member, and an actuator portion. The head includes a plurality of nozzles through which a fluid is discharged onto a target medium. The medium support portion supports the medium. The contact member is provided within the medium support portion. The actuator portion moves at least one of the head and the medium support portion so that the plurality of nozzles are located close to or far from the contact member. During a standby state when fluid is not discharged onto the medium, the contact member is brought into contact with the head in order to seal the plurality of nozzles, and in a discharging state, the head is located away from the contact member in order to provide a space through which the medium is allowed to pass between the plurality of nozzles and the contact member.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting apparatus includes: a head having a nozzle; a pressure-changing unit for changing pressure of liquid in the nozzle in such a manner that the liquid is ejected from the nozzle; a first level-data setting unit for setting a selected first level data from a plurality of first level data, based on an ejecting data for a first kind of liquid; a second level-data setting unit for setting a selected second level data from a plurality of second level data, based on an ejecting data for a second kind of liquid; a driving-signal generator for generating a driving signal; and a driving-pulse generator for generating a driving pulse based on the selected first or second level data and the driving signal. The plurality of first level data and the plurality of second level data are different from each other.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting apparatus includes: a head having a nozzle; a pressure-changing unit for changing pressure of liquid in the nozzle in such a manner that the liquid is ejected from the nozzle; a level-data setting unit for setting a selected level data from a plurality of level data, based on an ejecting data; a driving-signal generator for generating a first driving signal and a second driving signal; and a driving-pulse generator for generating a driving pulse based on the selected level data and the first driving signal and the second driving signal. The first driving signal and the second driving signal are periodical signals having a same period. The first driving signal includes a first large-drop pulse-wave and a third large-drop pulse-wave. The second driving signal includes a second large-drop pulse-wave. The first large-drop pulse-wave, the second large-drop pulse-wave and the third large-drop pulse-wave have a same waveform, and appear in that order at regular intervals.

Abstract: A method for maintaining a fluid ejecting apparatus including an ejecting head that has an ejecting surface in which a plurality of ejecting ports that eject fluid are formed, and a maintenance portion that performs maintenance processing to recover the ejection of fluid from the ejecting ports and that has a cap member and a wiping member. The method includes performing capping processing to put the cap member on the ejecting surface and to suck, and then wiping processing to wipe the ejecting surface with the wiping member, and performing the capping processing again and then waiting a predetermined time without performing the wiping processing.

Abstract: A fluid ejecting apparatus that ejects a fluid includes a storage portion that stores a fluid, a head, and a head capping device. The head discharges fluid supplied from the storage portion from a plurality of nozzles and includes a fluid discharging passage through which other fluid is discharged from the storage portion. The head capping device contacts the head and receives the fluid discharged from the plurality of nozzles and the fluid discharged through the fluid discharging passage. The head and the head capping device respectively include a head side flow passage and a head capping device side flow passage, which cooperatively form a circulation flow passage, through which the fluid that flows from the storage portion through the nozzles and the fluid discharged through the fluid discharging passage are returned back to the storage portion, in a state where the head capping device contacts the head.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting apparatus includes: a head having a nozzle; a pressure-changing unit for changing pressure of liquid in the nozzle in such a manner that the liquid is ejected from the nozzle; a first level-data setting unit for setting a selected first level data from a plurality of first level data, based on an ejecting data for a first kind of liquid; a second level-data setting unit for setting a selected second level data from a plurality of second level data, based on an ejecting data for a second kind of liquid; a driving-signal generator for generating a driving signal; and a driving-pulse generator for generating a driving pulse based on the selected first or second level data and the driving signal. The plurality of first level data and the plurality of second level data are different from each other.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head includes a plurality of nozzle groups each including a plurality of nozzle openings; and a plurality of pressure generating chambers that cause liquid to be ejected from the nozzle openings. A plurality of recessed portions are formed at a nozzle forming member, the recessed portions each having a thickness smaller than a thickness of the nozzle forming member, the nozzle openings being formed at the recessed portions. A set of at least one of the plurality of nozzle openings included in each single nozzle group defines a nozzle set, the nozzle set being arranged to correspond to each of the pressure generating chambers. The nozzle groups each have a plurality of nozzle sets in an array, the nozzle sets of one of the nozzle groups being relatively shifted from the nozzle sets of another one of the nozzle groups in a nozzle-set-array direction.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting apparatus of the invention includes a distance obtaining unit that obtains a distance between the nozzle of the head and a medium to which the liquid is ejected. The driving signal is a periodical signal including a first pulse-wave capable of ejecting a drop of the liquid having a predetermined volume at a relatively low speed, and a second pulse-wave capable of ejecting a drop of the liquid having the predetermined volume at a relatively high speed, the predetermined volume corresponding to a predetermined level data. The driving-pulse generator is adapted to generate, when the selected level data is the predetermined level data: a driving-pulse including only the first pulse-wave when a distance obtained by the distance obtaining unit is not less than a predetermined value; and a driving-pulse including only the second pulse-wave when the distance is less than the predetermined value.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting apparatus includes: a head having a nozzle; a pressure-changing unit for changing pressure of liquid in the nozzle in such a manner that the liquid is ejected from the nozzle; a level-data setting unit for setting a selected level data from a plurality of level data, based on an ejecting data; a driving-signal generator for generating a first driving signal and a second driving signal; and a driving-pulse generator for generating a driving pulse based on the selected level data and the first driving signal and the second driving signal. The first driving signal and the second driving signal are periodical signals having a same period. The first driving signal includes a first large-drop pulse-wave and a third large-drop pulse-wave. The second driving signal includes a second large-drop pulse-wave. The first large-drop pulse-wave, the second large-drop pulse-wave and the third large-drop pulse-wave have a same waveform, and appear in that order at regular intervals.

Abstract: A fluid ejecting apparatus that ejects fluid includes a control unit that generates a drive pulse and a temperature detection unit that detects at least one of an environment temperature and a temperature of a fluid ejecting head. The control unit is able to generate a maintenance drive pulse for ejecting a bubble together with the fluid from a pressure chamber. The maintenance drive pulse includes a first pulse portion that cause the pressure chamber to expand into an expanded state, a second pulse portion that causes the pressure chamber to contract from the expanded state, and an intermediate pulse portion placed between the first pulse portion and the second pulse portion for holding the expanded state of the pressure chamber. The control unit adjusts the width of the intermediate pulse portion on the basis of the temperature detected by the temperature detection unit.