Abstract: An apparatus includes circuitry to receive an input of problem information that is information on a problem, transmit the problem information to an information processing apparatus communicably connected to the apparatus via a network, and receive, from the information processing apparatus, troubleshooting information corresponding to the problem information. The troubleshooting information is information for solving the problem. The circuitry outputs the troubleshooting information, and transmits, to an extraneous resource, a repair request including the problem information and information indicating whether the troubleshooting information has been output.

Abstract: A navigation device includes an icon display unit for displaying icons representing predetermined display objects located on a predetermined road ahead of the current location in an elongated display area of a display unit in a linear fashion along a length direction of the display area preferentially in order of proximity to the current location and a predefined distance display unit for displaying an image indicating the predefined distance from the current location in the display area when the icons are displayed. The icon display unit stationarily displays the icons representing display objects located farther than the predefined distance from the current location and movably displays an icon representing a display object located within the predefined distance so that the icon moves towards the current location in accordance with the movement of the current location.

Abstract: A navigation device includes an icon display unit for displaying icons representing predetermined display objects located on a predetermined road ahead of the current location in an elongated display area of a display unit in a linear fashion along a length direction of the display area preferentially in order of proximity to the current location and a predefined distance display unit for displaying an image indicating the predefined distance from the current location in the display area when the icons are displayed. The icon display unit stationarily displays the icons representing display objects located farther than the predefined distance from the current location and movably displays an icon representing a display object located within the predefined distance so that the icon moves towards the current location in accordance with the movement of the current location.

Abstract: Fluorochromium oxide having a fluorine content of not less than 30 wt. % is used for the fluorination reaction. To provide a manufacturing method for fluorine-containing ethane which contains 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane as the main component in which the reaction can be performed while controlling the generation of CFCs to the greatest possible extent by fluorinating at least on selected from the group composed of tetrachloroethylene, 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane and 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane with hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: A process for producing 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane by fluorinating with hydrogen fluoride at least one of 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane and 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane as a starting material, the process being characterized by separating the reaction mixture resulting from the fluorination into a product portion A mainly containing 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane and a product portion B mainly containing 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane, 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and hydrogen fluoride, removing a fraction mainly containing 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane from the product portion B, and recycling the rest of the product portion B as part of feedstocks for fluorination. According to the process of the invention, the amount of CFC-115 contained in the target HFC-125 can be remarkably reduced through a simplified procedure.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the preparation of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane by fluorinating in the gas phase a halogenated hydrocarbon feedstock containing 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane with hydrogen fluoride, the process being characterized in that: (i) a fluorinated chromium oxide obtained by fluorinating a chromium oxide represented by the formula: CrOm (1.5<m<3) is used as the catalyst, (ii) the mixing ratio (by mole) of hydrogen fluoride to halogenated hydrocarbon feedstock ranges from 1.5 to 10, and (iii) the fluorination is conducted at a temperature of 250 to 350° C. The process makes it possible to prepare easily HFC-125 reduced in the contents of CFCs.

Abstract: 1,1,1,2,2-Pentafluoro-3,3-dichloropropane and 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoro-1,3-dichloropropane are prepared in pure forms by reacting dichlorofluoromethane and tetrafluoroethylene, or chloroform, difluorochloromethane and tetrafluoroethylene in the presence of a catalyst comprising a halogenated zirconium of the formula:ZrCl.sub.x F.sub.y (I)wherein x and y are numbers which satisfy the relationships x+y=4, 0<x.ltoreq.4 and 0.ltoreq.y<4.

Abstract: 1,1,1,2,2-Pentafluoro-3,3-dichloropropane and 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoro-1,3-dichloropropane are prepared by reacting dichlorofluoromethane and tetrafluoroethylene in a solvent in the presence of a catalyst with improved conversion and selectivity.