Abstract: A cooling device uses siphon circulation whose heat source is an object-to-be-cooled installed in a vehicle to circulate refrigerant to the object-to-be-cooled, the cooling device including: a tank that is disposed above the object-to-be-cooled and stores the refrigerant; an outflow path that opens to the inside of the tank and through which the refrigerant flows out; a passage member that extends from the inside to the outside of the tank, with an open end of an inside section of the passage member positioned inside the tank being positioned above an opening of the outflow path; and identifying means that is provided at an outside section of the passage member positioned outside the tank and by which the position of the open end inside the tank can be identified.

Abstract: A cooling device uses siphon circulation whose heat source is an object-to-be-cooled installed in a vehicle to circulate refrigerant to the object-to-be-cooled, the cooling device including: a tank that is disposed above the object-to-be-cooled and stores the refrigerant; an outflow path that opens to the inside of the tank and through which the refrigerant flows out; a passage member that extends from the inside to the outside of the tank, with an open end of an inside section of the passage member positioned inside the tank being positioned above an opening of the outflow path; and identifying means that is provided at an outside section of the passage member positioned outside the tank and by which the position of the open end inside the tank can be identified.

Abstract: A gate array design method is disclosed for an integrated circuit whose core region is divided into a plurality of areas, each of which includes sequential circuit sites. The method is composed of providing a netlist and a site array data, allocating each of multi-phase clock signals used in the integrated circuit to each of the plurality of areas to produce an allocation data representative of an association of the multi-phase clock signals to the plurality of areas, modifying the site array data based on said allocation data, modifying the netlist to allow the netlist to correspond to the modified site array data, and placing and routing the integrated circuit based on the modified netlist and site array data. The site array data is modified to allow each of the plurality of areas to include sequential circuit cells which are provided with a same one of the multi-phase clock signals.

Abstract: A gate array design method is disclosed for an integrated circuit whose core region is divided into a plurality of areas, each of which includes sequential circuit sites. The method is composed of providing a netlist and a site array data, allocating each of multi-phase clock signals used in the integrated circuit to each of the plurality of areas to produce an allocation data representative of an association of the multi-phase clock signals to the plurality of areas, modifying the site array data based on said allocation data, modifying the netlist to allow the netlist to correspond to the modified site array data, and placing and routing the integrated circuit based on the modified netlist and site array data. The site array data is modified to allow each of the plurality of areas to include sequential circuit cells which are provided with a same one of the multi-phase clock signals.

Abstract: In order to provide a projection exposure apparatus capable of obtaining high optical quality in manufacturing devices with a light source using a vacuum ultraviolet light, a diffraction optical element formed on a substrate made from silica glass with a small amount of another substance (such as, for example, fluorine, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen, and/or combinations thereof), is included in the projection optical system and/or the illumination optical system of the exposure apparatus.

Abstract: A confocal microscope is adapted to prevent a shading phenomenon of an observation image due to axial chromatic aberration and chromatic aberration of magnification of an objective optical system. A backward light from a specimen illuminated by an excitation light through the objective optical system is condensed through the objective optical system and a deflecting optical system at a position conjugate to the condensing point on the specimen. Formed in a light shielding member aligned with the condensing point position of the backward light is a pinhole having an opening which substantially covers a range of movements of the condensing point of the backward light caused as a result of the movement of the optical path by the deflecting optical system.

Abstract: A video clock signal generator comprises: means for supplying a light beam; a mask having opposite ends spaced by a predetermined distance; a vibration scanner for reflecting the light beam and forming a light spot vibrating on the mask beyond the opposite ends thereof; a detector for generating an output signal representing optical information from the mask; a counter for counting a time required for the light spot to cross the opposite ends of the mask based on the output signal of the detector; and a control unit for controlling an amplitude of the scanner mirror in accordance with the time counted by the counter.

Abstract: A microscope having an interchangable objective revolver holding a plurality of objectives and supported on a microscope body. The direction of the revolver can be changed by rotating a rotary member through 180.degree. so that a rotation plane surface of the revolver may be inclined downwardly toward the stand side or the operator side of the microscope selectively.

Abstract: A fluorescent confocal microscope designed for the improvement of optical cutting function and lateral resolution and the improvement of the accuracy of quantitative measurement for a wide visual field. An intermediary optical system, which is arranged between a pair of scanner mirrors and an objective optical system (a pupil projection lens and an objective lens), is of a retrofocustype construction and it has chromatic aberration of magnification tending to cancel chromatic aberration of magnification of the objective optical system for wavelengths of excitation light and fluorescent light. The pupil of the objective lens is relayed to the vicinity of the scanner mirrors by the pupil projection lens and the intermediary optical system. In this case, a pupil magnification .beta..sub.p is selected to satisfy an expression .vertline..beta..sub.p .vertline..ltoreq.1.