Abstract: The disclosed internal focusing large-aperture medium telephoto lens has as lens groups a positive first lens group, a positive second lens group, and a third lens group, in that order from the object side. When focusing on nearby objects, the first lens group and the third lens group have a fixed position relative to the image surface, and the second lens group displaces toward the object side. The second lens group has only one negative lens, and, in order from the object side, has at least a positive lens, a negative lens, and a positive lens. The following expression is fulfilled: ?0.5<(R1+R2)(R1?R2)<?0.1 (wherein, R1: radius of curvature of the object side surface of the negative lens in the second lens group; R2: radius of curvature of the image side surface of the negative lens in the second lens group).

Abstract: Providing a zoom lens system having excellent optical performance with a high zoom ratio, an imaging apparatus, and a method for zooming the zoom lens system. The system including, in order from an object, a first group G1 having negative refractive power, a second group G2 having positive refractive power, a third group G3 having negative refractive power, and a fourth group G4 having positive refractive power. An aperture stop S is disposed between the second group G2 and the fourth group G4. Upon zooming from a wide-angle end state to a telephoto end state, each group is moved such that a distance between the second group G2 and the third group G3 increases, a distance between the third group G3 and the fourth group G4 decreases, and the aperture stop S is moved together with the third group G3. Given conditions are satisfied.

Abstract: An optical system comprises a first lens element and a second lens element which are respectively shiftable to have a component in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, the second lens element being composed of the first lens element and other lens element, and the first lens element or the second lens element being shifted to have a component in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, thereby carrying out a correction of the image plane. Thus, there are provided an optical system having a suitable vibration reduction property, an image apparatus equipped with the optical system and a method for manufacturing the optical system.

Abstract: Coil springs are incorporated, with a longitudinal direction oriented vertically, into the top and bottom end parts of hinge pieces provided on side surfaces of opposing door panels of a folding door and that connect the doors panels together. A portion of a pin plate is inserted into the coil springs at the top and bottom end parts of the coil springs and attached to the coil springs. The pin plate that is inserted into the top end part of the coil spring incorporated into the top end part of the hinge piece and the pin plate that is inserted into the bottom end part of the coil spring incorporated into the bottom end part of the hinge piece are fixed to the hinge pieces by brackets. The folding door is closed by the restoring force generated by the twisting of the coil springs.

Abstract: The disclosed internal focusing large-aperture medium telephoto lens has as lens groups a positive first lens group, a positive second lens group, and a third lens group, in that order from the object side. When focusing on nearby objects, the first lens group and the third lens group have a fixed position relative to the image surface, and the second lens group displaces toward the object side. The second lens group has only one negative lens, and, in order from the object side, has at least a positive lens, a negative lens, and a positive lens. The following expression is fulfilled: ?0.5<(R1+R2) (R1?R2)<?0.1 (wherein, R1: radius of curvature of the object side surface of the negative lens in the second lens group; R2: radius of curvature of the image side surface of the negative lens in the second lens group).

Abstract: Providing a zoom lens system having excellent optical performance with a high zoom ratio, an imaging apparatus, and a method for zooming the zoom lens system. The system including, in order from an object, a first group G1 having negative refractive power, a second group G2 having positive refractive power, a third group G3 having negative refractive power, and a fourth group G4 having positive refractive power. An aperture stop S is disposed between the second group G2 and the fourth group G4. Upon zooming from a wide-angle end state to a telephoto end state, each group is moved such that a distance between the second group G2 and the third group G3 increases, a distance between the third group G3 and the fourth group G4 decreases, and the aperture stop S is moved together with the third group G3. Given conditions are satisfied.

Abstract: A zoom lens system including, in order from an object, a first lens group G1 having negative refractive power, a second lens group G2 having positive refractive power, a third lens group G3 having negative refractive power, and a fourth lens group G4 having positive refractive power, upon zooming from a wide-angle end state W to a telephoto end state T, varying respective distances between adjacent lens groups G1, G2, G3, G4, shifting at least one portion of the third lens group G3 in a direction including a component perpendicular to the optical axis, and satisfying given conditional expressions, thereby providing a zoom lens system having a lens capable of moving in a direction including a component perpendicular to the optical axis, and realizing a high zoom ratio and excellent optical performance.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a plurality of cores that carry out binarization processes while shifting a target pixel from the first pixel in a processing line in order toward the last pixel in the processing line in accordance with a diffusion of error that takes unprocessed pixels surrounding the target pixel including the pixels of the following line of the processing line as a diffusion range; of the plurality of cores, the core that processes the following line carries out the binarization process in order while delaying the target pixel at least by an amount equivalent to the diffusion range relative to the target pixel of the core that processes the previous line. Accordingly, the lines can be processed in parallel while reflecting the error appropriately on the unprocessed pixels, and thus the binarization process using error diffusion can be carried out more quickly.

Abstract: Providing a zoom lens system having excellent optical performance with a high zoom ratio, an imaging apparatus, and a method for zooming the zoom lens system. The system including, in order from an object, a first group G1 having negative refractive power, a second group G2 having positive refractive power, a third group G3 having negative refractive power, and a fourth group G4 having positive refractive power. An aperture stop S is disposed between the second group G2 and the fourth group G4. Upon zooming from a wide-angle end state to a telephoto end state, each group is moved such that a distance between the second group G2 and the third group G3 increases, a distance between the third group G3 and the fourth group G4 decreases, and the aperture stop S is moved together with the third group G3. Given conditions are satisfied.

Abstract: Providing an optical system having excellent optical performance with sufficiently correcting spherical aberration and curvature of field, an imaging apparatus, and a method for forming an image by the optical system. The optical system includes a plurality of lens groups, at least one of the plurality of lens groups having an A lens that satisfies at least one of given conditional expressions.

Abstract: Providing an optical system having excellent optical performance over entire focusing range from infinity to a close distance, a method for focusing the optical system, and an imaging apparatus equipped therewith. The optical system includes, in order from an object, a first lens group G1 having positive refractive power, and a second lens group G2 having positive refractive power. The second lens group G2 is movable along an optical axis for varying focusing. The first lens group G1 satisfies a given conditional expression.

Abstract: Providing an optical system having excellent optical performance, an imaging apparatus, and a method for forming an image by the optical system. The optical system includes, in order from an object, a first lens group G1 having negative refractive power, a second lens group G2 having positive refractive power, a third lens group G3 having negative refractive power, and a fourth lens group G4 having positive refractive power. At least one of the first lens group G1, the second lens group G2, the third lens group G3, and the fourth lens group G4 has at least one A lens satisfying given conditional expressions.

Abstract: Coil springs are incorporated, with a longitudinal direction oriented vertically, into the top and bottom end parts of hinge pieces provided on side surfaces of opposing door panels of a folding door and that connect the doors panels together. A portion of a pin plate is inserted into the coil springs at the top and bottom end parts of the coil springs and attached to the coil springs. The pin plate that is inserted into the top end part of the coil spring incorporated into the top end part of the hinge piece and the pin plate that is inserted into the bottom end part of the coil spring incorporated into the bottom end part of the hinge piece are fixed to the hinge pieces by brackets. The folding door is closed by the restoring force generated by the twisting of the coil springs.

Abstract: A zoom lens system including, in order from an object, a first lens group G1 having negative refractive power, a second lens group G2 having positive refractive power, a third lens group G3 having negative refractive power, and a fourth lens group G4 having positive refractive power, upon zooming from a wide-angle end state W to a telephoto end state T, varying respective distances between adjacent lens groups G1, G2, G3, G4, shifting at least one portion of the third lens group G3 in a direction including a component perpendicular to the optical axis, and satisfying given conditional expressions, thereby providing a zoom lens system having a lens capable of moving in a direction including a component perpendicular to the optical axis, and realizing a high zoom ratio and excellent optical performance.

Abstract: A multi-processor system includes two or more processors, a message box in which messages are stored which have been sent from a transmitting processor to a receiving processor, which each correspond to one of the two or more processors, at an address in a matrix form which correspond to the transmitting processor and the receiving processor, and an interrupt signal output unit which outputs an interrupt signal to the receiving processor when a message is written in the message box.

Abstract: Providing an optical system having excellent optical performance over entire focusing range from infinity to a close distance, a method for focusing the optical system, and an imaging apparatus equipped therewith. The optical system includes, in order from an object, a first lens group G1 having positive refractive power, and a second lens group G2 having positive refractive power. The second lens group G2 is movable along an optical axis for varying focusing. The first lens group G1 satisfies a given conditional expression.

Abstract: Providing a zoom lens system having excellent optical performance with a high zoom ratio, an imaging apparatus, and a method for zooming the zoom lens system. The system including, in order from an object, a first group G1 having negative refractive power, a second group G2 having positive refractive power, a third group G3 having negative refractive power, and a fourth group G4 having positive refractive power. An aperture stop S is disposed between the second group G2 and the fourth group G4. Upon zooming from a wide-angle end state to a telephoto end state, each group is moved such that a distance between the second group G2 and the third group G3 increases, a distance between the third group G3 and the fourth group G4 decreases, and the aperture stop S is moved together with the third group G3. Given conditions are satisfied.

Abstract: Providing an optical system having excellent optical performance with sufficiently correcting spherical aberration and curvature of field, an imaging apparatus, and a method for forming an image by the optical system. The optical system includes a plurality of lens groups, at least one of the plurality of lens groups having an A lens that satisfies at least one of given conditional expressions.

Abstract: Providing an optical system having excellent optical performance, an imaging apparatus, and a method for forming an image by the optical system. The optical system includes, in order from an object, a first lens group G1 having negative refractive power, a second lens group G2 having positive refractive power, a third lens group G3 having negative refractive power, and a fourth lens group G4 having positive refractive power. At least one of the first lens group G1, the second lens group G2, the third lens group G3, and the fourth lens group G4 has at least one A lens satisfying given conditional expressions.

Abstract: A gateway apparatus which transfers voice mail to an electronic mail server as electronic mail so that the voice mail can be accessed from a remote place by a simple operation. The gateway apparatus is connected between the electronic mail server and a public telephone network. The gateway apparatus communicates with a voice mail apparatus via a telephone line. The electronic mail server is connected to at least one personal computer. Voice mail addressed to a selected user is retrieved from the voice mail apparatus. The voice mail is converted into electronic mail, and a voice mail box number corresponding to the retrieved voice mail is converted into an electronic mail address which is assigned for the selected user. The electronic mail converted from the voice mail is transferred to the electronic mail server so that the electronic mail is distributed to a personal computer connected to the electronic mail server in accordance with the converted electronic mail address.