Abstract: A cubic boron nitride sintered material comprises cubic boron nitride particles and a bonding material, wherein the bonding material comprises at least one first metallic element selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, hafnium, tantalum, chromium, rhenium, molybdenum, and tungsten; cobalt; and aluminum; the cubic boron nitride sintered material has a first interface region sandwiched between an interface between the cubic boron nitride particles and the bonding material, and a first virtual line passing through a point 10 nm apart from the interface to the bonding material side; and when an element that is present at the highest concentration among the first metallic elements in the first interface region is defined as a first element, an atomic concentration of the first element in the first interface region is higher than an atomic concentration of the first element in the bonding material excluding the first interface region.

Abstract: A cubic boron nitride sintered material comprising cubic boron nitride grains, a binder phase, and a void, in which a percentage of the cubic boron nitride grains based on the total of the cubic boron nitride grains and the binder phase is 40 vol % to 70 vol %, a percentage of the binder phase based on the total of the cubic boron nitride grains and the binder phase is 30 vol % to 60 vol %, the binder phase includes 10 vol % to 100 vol % of aluminum oxide grains, an average grain size of the aluminum oxide grains is 50 to 250 nm, the cubic boron nitride sintered material comprises 0.001 vol % to 0.100 vol % of one or more first voids, and at least one portion of each of the first voids is in contact with the aluminum oxide grains.

Abstract: A sintered material includes diamond grains and a binder. A boron concentration in the diamond grains is more than or equal to 0.001 mass % and less than or equal to 0.9 mass %. A boron concentration in the binder is more than or equal to 0.5 mass % and less than or equal to 40 mass %.

Abstract: The contents of a communicated electronic mail are certificated, and the certification of a transaction contents carried out by the electronic mail is sufficiently secured. A transmitted electronic mail is transmitted to a destination by way of the communication contents certification apparatus, and the transmitted electronic mail is stored in a communication contents storage means when it is transmitted by means of the communication contents certification apparatus.

Abstract: A system and method that reduces content selection cost, to commercialize the proper picture content quickly, and to reduce the cost required to research the detailed sales market. Content introduction information is sent to a contents polling apparatus, the content introduction information is displayed at a contents introduction information display. A pollee views the displayed content introduction information and enters the contents polling information for each picture content, the entered contents polling information is sent to a contents market research apparatus, which counts the sent contents polling information and generates a counted result as the output.

Abstract: The present invention aims at allowing easy administration of software program, permitting use of latest updated software program without overlooking the same. A supplemental program is stored in a supplemental software program storing means; a list of the supplemental program stored in the supplemental software program storing means is extracted; a list of an original program stored in the software program storing means is extracted; the list of the program extracted by the software program list extracting means and the list of the supplemental program extracted by the supplemental software program list extracting means are compared through a supplemental software program selecting means, and a supplemental program to acquire is chosen; the chosen supplemental program is extracted from the supplemental software program storing means; and, through a supplemental software program writing means, the extracted supplemental program is stored in the software program storing means.

Abstract: A software program rights management system for managing an assignment history of rights to use a software program stored in a software program storage medium is proposed. As a storage medium for supplying a software program, a write-once storage medium or a storage medium having a read-only storage portion for storing a software program and a write-once portion is used, and a user's access authorization data is recorded in a portion of the write-once portion of such storage medium or in the write-once portion of such software program storage medium.

Abstract: A knowledge information managing apparatus and method that collects and registers knowledge information in a knowledge database, providing users with the convenience of acquiring information efficiently. After the knowledge information is registered, it is then opened in the knowledge database, allowing users to select knowledge information. The selected knowledge information is then registered in a user's knowledge account, where a knowledge account is set up for every user and is a storage area formed in an account database. The apparatus also includes a knowledge information managing program and a storage medium for storing that program.

Abstract: There comprises reading out a video game soft program from a video game program recording medium body (60) having a video game soft program recorded including a video game soft program (60A), privilege information (60B) corresponding to a game stage of a video game progressed in accordance with a video game program, and a printing control program (60C) capable of printing privilege information corresponding to a cleared game stage when the game stage is cleared; progressing a video game in accordance with the video game soft program; and converting privilege information corresponding to a cleared game stage in accordance with the printing control program when the game stage of the video game is cleared to print it.

Abstract: There is provided a knowledge information managing method, a knowledge information managing apparatus, a storage medium storing a knowledge information managing program and a knowledge information managing program, all capable of acquiring knowledge information efficiently and of improving the convenience of a user. A knowledge information managing method registers knowledge information in a knowledge database; opens the knowledge information registered in the knowledge database; and registers the knowledge information selected by a user among the opened knowledge information in a knowledge account being a storage area formed in an account database, the knowledge account being set for every user.

Abstract: A software program providing system in which a predetermined limitation can be established for its access, thus allowing charge of a fee corresponding to the amount of access to the software program. By using a software program storage medium storing an individual identification code along with the provided software program, a service provider managing a supplemental pay function of the software program uses such individual identification code as a search key for storing user's individual information, information on software access limitation range and information on the condition of access to the software program. By doing so, the individual identification code can be read out form the software program storage medium installed in a user terminal and then, based on such information on the range of access limitation and information on the condition of access to the software program, the user terminal is authorized to access the software program.

Abstract: A software program rights management system for managing an assignment history of rights to use a software program stored in a software program storage medium is proposed. As a storage medium for supplying a software program, a write-once storage medium or a storage medium having a read-only storage portion for storing a software program and a write-once portion is used, and a user's access authorization data is recorded in a portion of the write-once portion of such storage medium or in the write-once portion of such software program storage medium.

Abstract: The contents of a communicated electronic mail are certificated, and the certification of a transaction contents carried out by the electronic mail is sufficiently secured. A transmitted electronic mail is transmitted to a destination by way of the communication contents certification apparatus, and the transmitted electronic mail is stored in a communication contents storage means when it is transmitted by means of the communication contents certification apparatus.

Abstract: It is the object of the present invention to reduce the content selection cost, to commercialize the proper picture content quickly, and to reduce the cost required to research the detailed sales market. The content introduction information is sent to a contents polling apparatus, the content introduction information is displayed by means of a contents introduction information display means, a poller views the displayed content introduction information and enters the contents polling information for each picture content, the entered contents polling information is sent to a contents market research apparatus, and the contents market research apparatus counts the sent contents polling information and generates a counted result as the output.