Abstract: An electroconductive roll includes a core member, a rubber base material disposed around the core member, and a surface layer disposed around the rubber base material. The density of peaks Spd of the surface of the surface layer is equal to or greater than 93,406 (1/mm2), and is equal to or less than 153,027 (1/mm2).

Abstract: An electroconductive roll includes a core member, a rubber base material disposed around the core member, and a surface layer disposed around the rubber base material. The arithmetic mean peak curvature Spc of a surface of the surface layer is equal to or greater than 1,880 (1/mm), and is equal to or less than 14,024 (1/mm).

Abstract: A calculation method and apparatus for calculating a starting point for acceleration/deceleration operation of a vehicle with high accuracy using more input values while at the same time keeping calculation cost and time to a minimum is disclosed herein. An ECU making up a system calculates a start point for acceleration/deceleration operation of a vehicle on the basis of traveling condition information that changes as the vehicle travels and vehicle information that changes only slightly as a result of the travel of the vehicle. As a result, if the driver maintains a throttle operator at a given opening angle or more at a point before the start point, an actuator applies a force in the direction of closing a throttle valve to the throttle operator, thereby notifying the driver that the vehicle is close to the start point.

Abstract: A calculation method and apparatus for calculating a starting point for acceleration/deceleration operation of a vehicle with high accuracy using more input values while at the same time keeping calculation cost and time to a minimum is disclosed herein. An ECU making up a system calculates a start point for acceleration/deceleration operation of a vehicle on the basis of traveling condition information that changes as the vehicle travels and vehicle information that changes only slightly as a result of the travel of the vehicle. As a result, if the driver maintains a throttle operator at a given opening angle or more at a point before the start point, an actuator applies a force in the direction of closing a throttle valve to the throttle operator, thereby notifying the driver that the vehicle is close to the start point.

Abstract: A water outlet structure of an internal combustion engine includes a water outlet and a thermostat. The water outlet includes a cooling-water inflow portion, a radiator outflow passage, and a bypass passage. The cooling-water inflow portion is provided to face a cooling-water outlet of a cylinder head. Cooling water is to flow out to a radiator through the radiator outflow passage. The radiator outflow passage linearly extends from the cooling-water inflow portion. The bypass passage linearly and obliquely extends from the cooling-water inflow portion to provide a water flow at an acute angle to a water flow in the radiator outflow passage. The thermostat is provided integrally with the water outlet and includes a thermo housing provided downstream of the bypass passage.

Abstract: There is provided a joint fastening structure which is commonly used as a fastening portion of an internal combustion engine main body and a transmission case and a fastening portion of the internal combustion engine main body and an accessory, wherein a threaded component passes through the transmission case and the internal combustion engine main body so as to be integrally fastened to internal threads in the accessory.

Abstract: There is provided a joint fastening structure which is commonly used as a fastening portion of an internal combustion engine main body and a transmission case and a fastening portion of the internal combustion engine main body and an accessory, wherein a threaded component passes through the transmission case and the internal combustion engine main body so as to be integrally fastened to internal threads in the accessory.

Abstract: In a valve head of a poppet valve used in an internal combustion engine, a lobe is formed. The lobe has a vertical section of an isosceles triangle which has a vertex in the middle. By pressing the lobe in a bore of a die, the lobe is plastically deformed, so that a valve face is formed at a position which contacts a valve seat. Suitable airtightness is obtained between the valve face and the valve seat.

Abstract: A solder bump forming method includes a step of causing one end surface of a punch inserted into a through hole provided in a die to be retracted by a desired distance from an end surface of the die to thereby provide a recess of a desired volume in the end surface of the die, a step of embedding solder in the recess of the die, a step of moving the punch toward the end surface of the die to thereby extrude the solder, and a step of fusing the solder extruded by the movement of the punch.

Abstract: A tappet made of Al alloy is used in a valve operating mechanism of an internal combustion engine of a vehicle. On the whole outer circumferential surface of the tappet, a helical projection and a helical groove are formed alternately to form an uneven surface. A plurality of uneven surfaces are formed on a ridge of the projection at regular intervals. The outer circumferential surface is coated with a wear resistant Fe film by thermal spraying. The uneven surfaces on the projection provide high adhesion strength of the film to the outer circumferential surface of the tappet to improve peel resistance, thereby increasing durability and reliability of the Al alloy tappet.

Abstract: An Al alloy tappet used in an internal combustion engine has a spiral groove on the outer circumferential surface of a tappet body. The spiral groove is formed by pushing a cutting tool against the outer circumferential surface and feeding it in an axial direction. Near the lower end of the tappet body, feed rate is decreased, and the cutting tool is moved away from the tappet body to form a smaller spiral groove which increases in diameter downwards. The outer circumferential surface of the tappet body is covered with a coating layer such as Fe, and the lower end which has the smaller spiral groove is chamfered.

Abstract: A tappet made of Al alloy is used in a valve operating mechanism of an internal combustion engine of a vehicle. On the whole outer circumferential surface of the tappet, a helical projection and a helical groove are formed alternately to form an uneven surface. A plurality of uneven surfaces are formed on a ridge of the projection at regular intervals. The outer circumferential surface is coated with a wear resistant Fe film by thermal spraying. The uneven surfaces on the projection provide high adhesion strength of the film to the outer circumferential surface of the tappet to improve peel resistance, thereby increasing durability and reliability of the Al alloy tappet.

Abstract: An optical component welding apparatus for welding together first and second optical components each having an optical axis and a contact surface. The apparatus includes an X--Y stage for fixing the first optical component and aligning the optical axis of the first optical component in an X-axis and Y-axis direction. A fixing disk has a plurality of apertures extending radially and intersecting one another at a center of the fixing disk with respect to the radial direction, and includes a clamp for fixing the second optical component in the center of the fixing disk with respect to the axial and radial directions thereof such that the contact surface of the second optical component faces the contact surface of the first optical component.

Abstract: A tappet is used in an internal combustion engine. A cam receiving plate which contacts a cam is brazed on the upper surface of a top wall of a tappet body. The whole surface of the cam receiving plate can act as a cam follower surface, thereby making the outer diameter of the cam receiving plate to the minimum size corresponding to projected length of a nose of a rotary cam and lightening the tappet.

Abstract: There is disclosed water soluble algin fibers and such fibers which have antibiotics immobilized thereto. The water soluble algin fibers are produced by extruding an aqueous dope which contains water soluble algin therein into a large quantity of a hydrophilic organic solvent exemplified by acetone. The water soluble algin fibers which have antibiotics immobilized thereto are produced in the same manner by using a dope containing antibiotics.

Abstract: A multi-axes stage including a table for mounting an optical component having a plurality of optical paths; and first and second actuators for vertically movably supporting the table, the actuators having a control device for adjusting the vertical movement of the table by each actuator separately, and for controlling the movement of the table in at least one of the rotating direction about the optical paths and the vertical direction.

Abstract: There is disclosed water soluble algin fibers and such fibers which have antibiotics immobilized thereto. The water soluble algin fibers are produced by extruding an aqueous dope which contains water soluble algin therein into a large quantity of a hydrophilic organic nonsolvent exemplified by acetone. The water soluble algin fibers which have antibiotics immobilized thereto are produced in the same manner by using a dope containing antibiotics.

Abstract: A tip processing apparatus is equipped with a holder and a holder holding unit for extending the tip of the jacketed optical fiber comprising at least one optical fiber provided with a jacket, the holder holding the jacketed optical fiber in place. The apparatus also includes in a jacket removing unit for removing a desired length of the jacket, leaving the jacket on the tip of the jacketed optical fiber; a cleaning unit for cleaning the optical fiber exposed by the jacket removal carried out in the jacket removing unit; and a cutting unit for performing cut processing thereby to trim the optical fiber cleaned by the cleaning unit. A tip processing method comprises moving a portion of the jacket by a desired length while leaving a portion of the jacket on the tip, and all processing steps of the jacket removing, cleaning, and cutting of the optical fiber are performed on the optical fiber with the jacket portion left on the tip.

Abstract: A tip processing apparatus is equipped with a holder, and a holder fiber holding unit for extending the tip of the jacketed optical fiber comprising at least one optical fiber provided with a jacket, the holder holding the jacketed optical fiber in place. The apparatus also includes a jacket removing unit for removing a desired length of the jacket, leaving the jacket on the tip of the jacketed optical fiber; a cleaning unit for cleaning the optical fiber exposed by the jacket removal carried out in the jacket removing unit; and a cutting unit for performing cut processing thereby to trim the optical fiber cleaned by the cleaning unit. A tip processing method comprises moving a portion of the jacket by a desired length while leaving a portion of the jacket on the tip, and all processing steps of the jacket removing, cleaning, and cutting of the optical fiber are performed on the optical fiber with the jacket left on the tip.

Abstract: An automatic optical measuring apparatus for optical fibers which is designed to automatically perform a series of steps from processing tips to optical measurement of a plurality of jacketed optical fibers each comprising at least one optical fiber provided with a jacket.