Abstract: An optical transmission module and method are capable of suppressing the occurrence of multiplexed reflection light, thereby making it possible to easily carry out an optical coupling operation at low cost. A loss generator having an attenuation factor determined based on an extinction ratio of a modulation signal is provided to attenuate reflection light in a transmission path, thereby making it possible to provide a low-cost optical transmission module, which ensures a practically satisfactory efficiency, without providing an optical isolator component. Also, in the optical transmission module, the intensity of light is adjusted by the loss generator. Thus, it is possible to realize the optical transmission module using an optical mounting technique with such accuracy as employed for an ordinary module.

Abstract: In an optical transmission system, a lens converges an optical signal outputted from a light emission element. The optical signal having passed .through the lens enters a multi-mode fiber (MMF). A vertex of the lens and an input plane of the MMF are at a distance. The distance is set to a value which is not equal to the distance from the vertex to a focal point of the lens. As a result, a lowcost optical transmission system can be provided in which the influence of mode dispersion is reduced.

Abstract: A wiper control method and a wiper control device which adjusts a wiping determining condition for determining the wiping state of a wiper according to a driving scene are provided. The driving scene is determined based on comprehensive situation determination from vehicle state information such as driving, stop, etc. and driving environment information such as rainfall state. According to the determined driving scene, the wiping determining conditions for determining the wiping state of the wiper is adjusted. Such wiping determining conditions include detection sensitivity of raindrops adhering on the detection surface, correspondence between the rainfall level and the wiping level, etc.

Abstract: Providing an optical transceiver module that reduces electric crosstalk between a light emitting device and a photodetector while providing an excellent high-frequency characteristic, and an optical transceiver including the same. According to the invention, a first metal plate having a first substrate for mounting a light emitting device and a at second metal plate having a second substrate for mounting a photodetector are provided separately and independently of each other in a resin package, thus reducing the parasitic capacitance. This provides an optical transceiver module capable of suppressing electric crosstalk where part of a high-frequency signal causes a variation in the potential at a terminal of a photodetector while improving the high frequency characteristic in driving the light emitting device with a high-frequency signal, and an optical transceiver including the same.

Abstract: A powder of an alloy containing a compound is enclosed in a cylindrical container, hot isostatic press and/or hot extrusion are applied in that state, and compound is isolated by these workings in order to metallically bond the powders with each other. When the metallic part is inserted into the container or the metallic part has a cylindrical shape, the container is formed of a material which can be the metallic part. Then, machining is applied in order to produce a metallic part having on a surface thereof an alloyed layer containing the dispersed compound particles. The metallic parts having on a surface thereof an alloyed layer containing dispersed compound particles can be produced without using a joining method such as welding.

Abstract: An inverter device for variably controlling an operating frequency of an electric motor, which drives a compressor in a refrigerating cycle. the inverter includes a box-like resin case, having a metal film for shielding being applied or plated on a surface thereof and having a step portion on which a terminal block for the motor is arranged. A first substrate having mounted thereon power semiconductor devices constituting a converter and an inverter so as to be immersed in gel, and the first substrate is mounted in the case and brought into proximity of radiation fins at a reverse surface thereof. A second substrate having mounted thereon interface connectors into which signals from detection sensors for temperatures and pressures in the refrigerating cycle are input and photo-couplers for transmitting the input signals, and the second substrate is mounted in the case above the first substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a laminated glass for vehicles exerting the functions that are difficult to be made compatible in combinations such as (1) a shade band in an interlayer and an optical device such as a CCD camera, (2) a heat shielding interlayer and an optical device, and (3) a heat shielding interlayer and a combiner. In this laminated glass for vehicles, the interlayer includes a first region and a second region that is either enclosed by the first region or formed by partially recessing an edge portion of the first region. The first region is provided with a light reducing function that imparts a light transmittance loss at least of visible light, and in the second region, the interlayer has a light transmittance loss of visible light that is smaller than that in the first region.

Abstract: There are provided a wiper control method and a wiper control device in which unnecessary wiping operation is not performed. When a fixed amount of water passing through a detection area 4, the water being carried by the wiping operation of a wiper 5b, is detected, the presence of impact of a raindrop on the detection area 4 is judged. When there is no impact of a raindrop on the detection area 4, it is judged that water that is carried by the wiper 5b and passes through the detection area 4 is caused by a factor other than rainfall, and control is carried out to decrease the frequency of wiping operation of the wiper.

Abstract: There provided are transmission and reception apparatuses which can realize performing key distribution and encrypted communication in a simultaneous manner. A transmission apparatus overlaps minute amplitude modulation based on a random number signal on a multi-level signal generated based on information data and key information. A reception apparatus, in addition to data identification, performs, by using 2 threshold values between which a sufficiently larger interval than a modulation amplitude by a random number is provided, 3 kinds of identification for the random number signal: “1”, “0”, and “identification impossible”, sends back information of bits with which the identification has succeeded, and shares the sent bits as a new key. Thus, the common device including the transmission and reception apparatuses can realize performing the key distribution and the encrypted communication in the simultaneous manner.

Abstract: A scheduling device and a cell communication device capable of reducing a total storage region required for a scheduling function. Cell output control is performed by the scheduling function. The scheduling device includes a content addressable memory having queues for storing incoming cells. The queues have queue numbers. The queue numbers correspond to addresses of the content addressable memory. Read time for each cell is also stored in the content addressable memory. The actual time or a read time stored in a read time storage section is taken as the virtual time. The content addressable memory outputs a cell from a queue having a queue number indicated by an address, if this address has a matching address at the virtual time based on comparison conditions at the actual time and virtual time. The read time stored in the read time storage section and that in the content addressable memory are updated based on the comparison conditions at the actual time and virtual time.

Abstract: The present invention provides a laminated glass for vehicles exerting the functions that are difficult to be made compatible in combinations such as (1) a shade band in an interlayer and an optical device such as a CCD camera, (2) a heat shielding interlayer and an optical device, and (3) a heat shielding interlayer and a combiner. In this laminated glass for vehicles, the interlayer includes a first region and a second region that is either enclosed by the first region or formed by partially recessing an edge portion of the first region. The first region is provided with a light reducing function that imparts a light transmittance loss at least of visible light, and in the second region, the interlayer has a light transmittance loss of visible light that is smaller than that in the first region.

Abstract: A transmitting-end device generates a pilot signal with a pilot signal generation section, and transmits a pilot signal to a receiving-end device. At the receiving-end device, a transmission rate modification section detects the transmission band of an optical transmission line based on the amplitude of the pilot signal, and decides a data transmission rate acceptable to the receiving-end device by taking into account the transmission band of the optical transmission line. Based on a maximum data transmission data acceptable to the transmitting-end device and the data transmission rate thus decided, a control section in the receiving-end device arbitrates a data transmission rate between it and the transmitting-end device.

Abstract: A dew condensation detecting apparatus is independent of a wavelength of a detected light beam, and has a heat capacity of the detecting apparatus body so as to miniaturize the apparatus. A light beam is introduced from a light emitting element into the transparent plate and travels through the transparent plate with repetitions of total reflection. It is then detected by a light receiving element to detect a degree of dew condensation on a surface of the transparent plate in accordance with a variation in detected light quantity. The transparent plate is formed of two sheet glasses bonded to each other by an intermediate film, a part of which is a reflection film. A micro-mirror array for turn-back reflection, composed of oblique reflection surfaces inclined to the surfaces of the spaced sheet glasses, is provided near one end of the reflection film.

Abstract: There are provided a wiper control method and a wiper control device in which unnecessary wiping operation is not performed. When a fixed amount of water passing through a detection area 4, the water being carried by the wiping operation of a wiper 5b, is detected, the presence of impact of a raindrop on the detection area 4 is judged. When there is no impact of a raindrop on the detection area 4, it is judged that water that is carried by the wiper 5b and passes through the detection area 4 is caused by a factor other than rainfall, and control is carried out to decrease the frequency of wiping operation of the wiper.

Abstract: A branch portion 101 branches an inputted electrical signal into an in-phase signal and an opposite phase signal which have an opposite relation as to a phase. A first FM laser 104 converts the in-phase signal into an optical frequency-modulated signal (a first optical signal) having a center wavelength ?1 and then outputs the resultant signal. A second FM laser 105 converts the opposite phase signal into an optical frequency-modulated signal (a second signal) having a center wavelength ?2 and then outputs the resultant signal. The two optical signals are combined and then inputted into an optical-electrical converting portion 106. The optical-electrical converting portion 106 subjects the inputted optical signals to optical heterodyne detection by its square-law detection characteristic, and outputs a beat signal between the two optical signals which is a wide-band FM signal at a frequency corresponding to a wavelength difference ??(=|?1??2|) between the first optical signal and the second optical signal.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an optical transmission module and method capable of suppressing occurrence of multiplexed reflection light, thereby making it possible to easily carry out an optical coupling operation at low cost. A loss generator 4 having an attenuation factor determined based on an extinction ratio of a modulation signal Sm is provided to attenuate reflection light in a transmission path 5, thereby making it possible to provide a low-cost optical transmission module 10, which ensures a practically satisfactory efficiency, without providing an optical isolator component. Also, in the optical transmission module 10, the intensity of light is adjusted by the loss generator 4. Thus, it is possible to realize the optical transmission module using an optical mounting technique with such accuracy as employed for an ordinary module.

Abstract: In a communication network in which a group of connections has an assigned group bandwidth and each connection in the group has a minimum bandwidth, bandwidth usage is controlled by calculating the total current bandwidth allowed to the group, subtracting the total current bandwidth from the assigned group bandwidth, and adding the difference to each connection's current bandwidth allowance to calculate an explicit rate, according to which the connection's bandwidth allowance is controlled. The explicit rate is altered to a minimum explicit rate when, for example, the total bandwidth exceeds the group bandwidth. The minimum explicit rate of each connection is preferably calculated on the basis of the sum of the minimum bandwidths of the active connections in the group. These measures improve the fairness of bandwidth usage control.

Abstract: A cell transmitting device receives cells for transmission to a cell receiving device on a connection in a communication network. The connection has a minimum cell rate, established when the connection is set up. The cell transmitting device measures the input rate of cells to be transmitted on the connection, determines an allowable cell rate on the basis of the input rate and cell rate information supplied by the cell receiving apparatus, and transmits cells within the allowable cell rate. Under certain conditions, such as absence of cell traffic on the connection, the allowable cell rate is set to a lowest cell rate lower than the minimum cell rate, thereby enabling other connections to obtain higher cell rates.

Abstract: A powder of an alloy containing a compound is enclosed in a cylindrical container, hot isostatic press and/or hot extrusion are applied in that state, and compound is isolated by these workings in order to metallically bond the powders with each other. When the metallic part is inserted into the container or the metallic part has a cylindrical shape, the container is formed of a material which can be the metallic part. Then, machining is applied in order to produce a metallic part having on a surface thereof an alloyed layer containing the dispersed compound particles.

Abstract: In a communication network in which a group of connections has an assigned group bandwidth and each connection in the group has a minimum bandwidth, bandwidth usage is controlled by calculating the total current bandwidth allowed to the group, subtracting the total current bandwidth from the assigned group bandwidth, and adding the difference to each connection's current bandwidth allowance to calculate an explicit rate, according to which the connection's bandwidth allowance is controlled. The explicit rate is altered to a minimum explicit rate when, for example, the total bandwidth exceeds the group bandwidth. The minimum explicit rate of each connection is preferably calculated on the basis of the sum of the minimum bandwidths of the active connections in the group. These measures improve the fairness of bandwidth usage control.