Abstract: A combined heat exchanger system includes a first heat exchanger for cooling a first cooling medium, a second heat exchanger for cooling a second cooling medium, and a compressor for compressing the first cooling medium to be supplied to the first heat exchanger. The first heat exchanger is separated from the second heat exchanger, being integrally assembled with the compressor in such a way that the first compressor can be directly and fluidically connected with the compressor. The first heat exchanger liquid-cools the first cooling medium, which is outputted from the compressor, by using the second cooling medium that is cooled by the second heat exchanger.

Abstract: A heat exchanger support structure has a heat exchanger, a heat exchanger support supporting the heat exchanger, and motor fan units. The heat exchanger support is integrally formed with motor fan shroud portions for directing the air flow caused by motor fans. Electric motors driving the fans are respectively surrounded by a cylindrical shroud member, which has stays received in holding portions formed on the shroud portion with an elastic member interposed between the stay and the holding portion. The arrangement of the shroud member, the motor fan unit, and the elastic member functions as a dynamic damper.

Abstract: A heat exchanger support structure comprises a heat exchanger support and a heat exchanger and is mounted to the front end portion of a motor vehicle body. The heat exchanger support has an upper heat exchanger support member with upper holes, a lower heat exchanger support member with lower holes located in parallel to the upper heat exchanger support member, right and left side support members respectively connecting right and left portions of the upper and lower side support members, and a hood lock stay connecting intermediate portions of upper and lower side support members, which are integrally formed by injection molding. The heat exchanger has upper pins and lower pins, which are inserted into the upper and lower holes, respectively, with a rubber member disposed between them. The lower heat exchanger support member is formed in a shape like a capital H in cross section and has ribs to reinforce its mechanical strength.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus for fixing a toner image on a transfer sheet, comprises a fixing roller comprising a cylindrical light-transmitting base body capable of transmitting a heat ray; a light-transmitting elastic layer including a first light-transmitting elastic layer provided on an outer periphery of said light-transmitting base body and made of a material having a hardness A1, and a second light-transmitting elastic layer provided on an outer periphery of said first light-transmitting elastic layer and made of a material having a hardness A2; and a heat ray absorbing layer provided on an outer periphery of said light-transmitting elastic layer and to absorb said heat ray.

Abstract: A heat exchanger support structure has a heat exchanger, a heat exchanger support supporting the heat exchanger, and motor fan units. The heat exchanger support is integrally formed with motor fan shroud portions allowing the air flow caused by motor fans. Electric motors driving the fans are respectively surrounded by a cylindrical shroud member, which has stays received in holding portions formed on the shroud portion with an elastic member interposed between the stay and the holding portion. This results in that the shroud member, the motor fan unit, and the elastic member function as a dynamic damper.

Abstract: A heat exchanger support structure comprises a heat exchanger support and a heat exchanger and is mounted to the front end portion of a motor vehicle body. The heat exchanger support has an upper heat exchanger support member with upper holes, a lower heat exchanger support member with lower holes located in parallel to the upper heat exchanger support member, right and left side support members respectively connecting right and left portions of the upper and lower side support members, and a hood lock stay connecting intermediate portions of upper and lower side support members, which are integrally formed by injection molding. The heat exchanger has upper pins and lower pins, which are inserted into the upper and lower holes respectively with a rubber member disposed between them. The lower heat exchanger support member is formed in a shape like a capital H in cross section and ribs to reinforce its mechanical strength.

Abstract: In an image forming method including the steps of: developing an latent image on an image forming body employing a developer of composed of flattened spheroidal toner particles; transferring the formed toner image onto a transfer material; and fixing the toner image on the transfer material, the flattened spheroidal toner particles satisfy the following conditions: r2/r1 falls within the range of 0.6 to 1.0; d/r2 falls within the range of 0.1 to 0.5; r2 is in the range of 5 &mgr;m to 20 &mgr;m; and r1 falls within the range of 5 &mgr;m to 20 &mgr;m, where r1 represents an average length of a major axis of each of the flattened toner particles, r2 represents an average length of a minor axis of each of the flattened toner particles, and d represents an average thickness of each of the flattened toner particles.

Abstract: A color image forming method in which a color toner image is formed through superposing toner images of three color toners of yellow, magenta, and cyan and a black toner, wherein each of the color toners is a flattened toner composed of particles each having an equivalent circle diameter d of 5 to 10 (&mgr;m) when viewed from a direction to make a projection area maximum, a thickness t of 1 to 4 (&mgr;m), and a flattening ratio d/t of 2 to 8 represented by a ratio of the equivalent circle diameter d to the thickness t, and the flattening ratio d/t of the particles of the color toners is larger than the flattening ratio dk/tK of the particles of the black toner.

Abstract: A radiator core support structure is a member to be mounted on a front portion of a vehicle body for supporting a radiator. The radiator core support structure comprises an upper elongate member made of metal, a lower elongate member made of metal and a hood lock stay portion made of molded plastic. The hood lock stay portion has an upper end integrally connected to the upper elongate member and a lower end that is shaped to grip an intermediate portion of the lower elongate member. The connection between the hood lock stay portion and each of the upper and lower elongate members is integrally carried out by injection molding.

Abstract: A radiator core support structure is a member to be mounted on a front portion of a vehicle body for supporting a radiator. The radiator core support structure comprises an upper elongate member made of metal, a lower elongate member made of metal and a hood lock stay portion made of molded plastic. The hood lock stay portion has an upper end integrally connected to the upper elongate member and a lower end that is shaped to grip an intermediate portion of the lower elongate member. The connection between the hood lock stay portion and each of the upper and lower elongate members is integrally carried out by injection molding.

Abstract: A color image forming method in which a color toner image is formed through superposing toner images of three color toners of yellow, magenta, and cyan and a black toner, wherein any one of the color toners is a flattened toner composed of particles each having an equivalent circle diameter d of 5 to 10 (&mgr;m) when viewed from a direction to make a projection area maximum, a thickness t of 1 to 4 (&mgr;m), and a flattening ratio d/t of 2 to 8 represented by a ratio of the equivalent circle diameter d to the thickness t, and the flattening ratio d/t of the particles of the color toners is larger than the flattening ratio dk/tK of the particles of the black toner.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus that forms a toner image. First and second image data is generated independently to produce a light and/or dark colored latent image. Thereafter, the latent image formed on an image forming body through charging and image-wise exposure is developed by using light and/or dark colored toner of the same color. Furthermore, there is a difference of an average amount of electrostatic charges between the dark colored toner and the light colored toner within 25%.

Abstract: In an image forming method including the steps of: developing an latent image on an image forming body employing a developer of composed of flattened spheroidal toner particles; transferring the formed toner image onto a transfer material; and fixing the toner image on the transfer material, the flattened spheroidal toner particles satisfy the following conditions: r2/r1 falls within the range of 0.6 to 1.0; d/r2 falls within the range of 0.1 to 0.5; r2 is in the range of 5 &mgr;m to 20 &mgr;m; and r1 falls within the range of 5 &mgr;m to 20 &mgr;m, where r1 represents an average length of a major axis of each of the flattened toner particles, r2 represents an average length of a minor axis of each of the flattened toner particles, and d represents an average thickness of each of the flattened toner particles.

Abstract: The fixing apparatus fixes a toner image on a transfer material by applying heat and pressure onto the transfer material. It uses a roll-shaped rotary member for applying heat. The roll-shaped rotary member has a ray radiating device for radiating heat rays inside a cylindrical ray-transmitting base member. A cylindrical ray-transmitting elastic/insulating layer is on the base member and a heat ray absorbing layer is provided on the elastic/insulating layer. The difference between the heat ray absorbing ratio (%) per unit thickness (mm) in the base member and that in the ray-transmitting elastic/insulating layer is made not more than 20%. The fluctuations of thickness in the base member and the elastic/insulating layer are equal to, or not more than, 0.1 mm.

Abstract: In a fixing apparatus for fixing a toner image on a transfer material by applying heat and pressure to the transfer material, the fixing apparatus includes: a roll-shaped rotary member for applying heat, including a ray radiating device for radiating a ray generated by a ray generating source provided inside the ray radiating device; a cylindrical ray-transmitting base member through which the ray generated by the ray generating source is transmitted, being arranged around the ray radiating device; a resilient layer; and a ray absorbing layer provided outside the resilient layer for absorbing the ray generated by the ray generating source. The following condition is satisfied, K1>K2 where K1 (J/cm·s·K) represents thermal conductivity of the ray-transmitting base member and K2 (J/cm·s·K) represents thermal conductivity of the resilient layer.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus, in which toner images formed on an image forming body are formed on double sides of a transfer material, a writing of an image on the image forming body by a writing device according to image data for an intermediate transfer body is conducted before a feeding of the transfer material is started.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus for fixing a toner image on a transfer sheet, comprises a fixing roller comprising a cylindrical light-transmitting base body capable of transmitting a heat ray; a light-transmitting elastic layer including a first light-transmitting elastic layer provided on an outer periphery of said light-transmitting base body and made of a material having a hardness A1, and a second light-transmitting elastic layer provided on an outer periphery of said first light-transmitting elastic layer and made of a material having a hardness A2; and a heat ray absorbing layer provided on an outer periphery of said light-transmitting elastic layer and to absorb said heat ray.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a duplex image forming apparatus, which can form images on both sides of a transfer sheet by employing an intermediate transfer element. The duplex image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member; a toner image forming section to form a toner image on the image bearing member; an intermediate transfer element, shaped like a belt, to bear the toner image transferred from the image bearing member and to convey a transfer sheet; a transfer sheet charging device to apply a bias voltage onto the transfer sheet at the charging position, so that the transfer sheet adheres onto the intermediate transfer element; a first transfer device to transfer the toner image onto the transfer sheet or the intermediate transfer element; a second transfer device to transfer the toner image borne on the intermediate transfer element onto the transfer sheet; and a control section to control a transfer current or a transfer voltage applied to the first transfer device.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus for fixing a toner image on a transfer sheet with heat and pressure is provided with (A) a heating roller including a cylindrical light transmitting base member; a heat ray generating device, provided inside of the cylindrical light transmitting base member, to generate a heat ray; a heat ray transmitting elastic layer generate a heat ray; a heat ray transmitting elastic layer provided on an outer surface of the cylindrical light transmitting base member and including a rubber layer; and a heat ray absorbing layer, provided on the outer surface of the cylindrical light transmitting base member, to absorb the heat ray passing through both of the cylindrical light transmitting base member and the heat ray transmitting elastic layer, and (B) a pressing roller provided to come in contact with the heating roller so that the transfer sheet is nipped with a nip width between the heating roller and the pressing roller.

Abstract: There is described a fixing apparatus, for fixing a toner image on a transfer medium by applying heat and pressure onto the transfer medium, which includes a heat ray irradiating device to irradiate heat rays and a pair of fixing rollers being hollow cylinders. The fixing roller includes a base body being a hollow cylinder and capable of transmitting the heat rays irradiated from the heat ray irradiating device, a heat-resistant resin layer formed on an outer surface of the base body and being capable of transmitting the heat rays irradiated from the heat ray irradiating device, and a heat ray absorptive layer provided on the heat-resistant resin layer.