Abstract: A self-supporting pet barrier comprising a front panel and two side panels, each panel having floor-contacting surfaces preferably to which a friction reducing substance has been applied is disclosed. The front and side panels preferably are attached so that the side panels can be positioned from generally perpendicularly to the front panel in use to a folded position adjacent said front panel for storage or travel. A generally triangular stabilizing leg may protrude forward from the plane of the front panel and can be attached in either the side panel or front panel.

Abstract: A self-supporting pet barrier comprising a front panel and two side panels, each panel having floor-contacting surfaces preferably to which a friction reducing substance has been applied is disclosed. The front and side panels preferably are attached so that the side panels can be positioned from generally perpendicularly to the front panel in use to a folded position adjacent said front panel for storage or travel. A generally triangular stabilizing leg may protrude forward from the plane of the front panel and can be attached in either the side panel or front panel.

Abstract: A self-supporting pet barrier comprising a front panel and two side panels, each panel having floor-contacting surfaces preferably to which a friction reducing substance has been applied is disclosed. The front and side panels preferably are attached so that the side panels can be positioned from generally perpendicularly to the front panel in use to a folded position adjacent said front panel for storage or travel. A generally triangular stabilizing leg may protrude forward from the plane of the front panel and can be attached in either the side panel or front panel.

Abstract: A self-supporting pet barrier comprising a front panel and two side panels, each panel having floor-contacting surfaces preferably to which a friction reducing substance has been applied is disclosed. The front and side panels preferably are attached so that the side panels can be positioned from generally perpendicularly to the front panel in use to a folded position adjacent said front panel for storage or travel. A generally triangular stabilizing leg may protrude forward from the plane of the front panel and can be attached in either the side panel or front panel.

Abstract: A self-supporting pet barrier comprising a front panel and two side panels, each panel having floor-contacting surfaces preferably to which a friction reducing substance has been applied is disclosed. The front and side panels preferably are attached so that the side panels can be positioned from generally perpendicularly to the front panel in use to a folded position adjacent said front panel for storage or travel. A generally triangular stabilizing leg may protrude forward from the plane of the front panel and can be attached in either the side panel or front panel.

Abstract: A self-supporting pet barrier comprising a front panel and two side panels, each panel having floor-contacting surfaces preferably to which a friction reducing substance has been applied is disclosed. The front and side panels preferably are attached so that the side panels can be positioned from generally perpendicularly to the front panel in use to a folded position adjacent said front panel for storage or travel. A generally triangular stabilizing leg may protrude forward from the plane of the front panel and can be attached in either the side panel or front panel.

Abstract: A self-supporting pet barrier comprising a front panel and two side panels, each panel having floor-contacting surfaces preferably to which a friction reducing substance has been applied is disclosed. The front and side panels preferably are attached so that the side panels can be positioned from generally perpendicularly to the front panel in use to a folded position adjacent said front panel for storage or travel. A generally triangular stabilizing leg may protrude forward from the plane of the front panel and can be attached in either the side panel or front panel.

Abstract: A pet toilet that prevents scattering of litter material or tracking of litter material into the home is disclosed. The pet toilet comprises a toilet body having a box portion for containing sand or litter, a seat having a floor defining an opening so that dung and urine may pass from the animal to the sand. The seat is removably mounted on the upper opening of the box portion, and the seat may be lifted from a first position to a second position. Preferably, the seat structure defines a plurality of holes. These holes encourage sand to return to the box rather than to be tracked into the house. The toilet may be used without the seat for small pets such as kittens and still provides advantages to prevent the scattering of sand or litter during digging.

Abstract: A self-supporting pet barrier comprising a front panel and two side panels, each panel having floor-contacting surfaces preferably to which a friction reducing substance has been applied is disclosed. The front and side panels preferably are attached so that the side panels can be positioned from generally perpendicularly to the front panel in use to a folded position adjacent said front panel for storage or travel. A generally triangular stabilizing leg may protrude forward from the plane of the front panel and can be attached in either the side panel or front panel.

Abstract: A pet toilet that prevents scattering of litter material or tracking of litter material into the home is disclosed. The pet toilet comprises a toilet body having a box portion for containing sand or litter, a seat having a floor defining an opening so that dung and urine may pass from the animal to the sand. The seat is removably mounted on the upper opening of the box portion, and the seat may be lifted from a first position to a second position. Preferably, the seat structure defines a plurality of holes. These holes encourage sand to return to the box rather than to be tracked into the house. The toilet may be used without the seat for small pets such as kittens and still provides advantages to prevent the scattering of sand or litter during digging.

Abstract: A high precision size measuring apparatus for measuring a degree of alignment accuracy for elements such as semiconductor elements formed on an object to be measured, such as a semiconductor wafer. The apparatus has a holding portion for fixing thereon the object to be measured, a movable bed for moving the object to be measured, for a first optical system for detecting alignment accuracy of a plurality of elements formed on the object to be measured, and a second optical system different from the first optical system, for detecting alignment of the object to be measured which serves as a reference point for alignment accuracy, having dimensions different from that of the plurality of elements.

Abstract: A position measuring apparatus for an alignment of an array of devices such as a thin film magnetic heads on a semiconductor wafer with a high degree of accuracy and satisfactory reproducibility, comprising, on a base, an object holding unit on which an object to be measured, an X-stage, a portal sub-base arranged across over the X-stage, a Y-stage arranged on the portal sub-base, a TV microscope (detector) capable of movement in a Z-axial direction, a ball circulation type linear guide and a motor for driving and guiding the X-stage and the Y-stage, an X-axial straight bar and a Y-axial straight bar attached to side surfaces of the object holding unit, and triangulation type laser displacement meters arranged in the vicinity of and in opposite to the X-axial bar and Y-axial bar, for detecting lateral motion errors during straight movement of the holding unit in the X- and Y-axial direction with a high degree of accuracy.

Abstract: A position measuring apparatus for an alignment of an array of devices such as a thin film magnetic heads on a semiconductor wafer with a high degree of accuracy and satisfactory reproducibility, comprising, on a base, an object holding unit on which an object to be measured, an X-stage, a portal sub-base arranged across over the X-stage, a Y-stage arranged on the portal sub-base, a TV microscope (detector) capable of movement in a Z-axial direction, a ball circulation type linear guide and a motor for driving and guiding the X-stage and the Y-stage, an X-axial straight bar and a Y-axial straight bar attached to side surfaces of the object holding unit, and triangulation type laser displacement meters arranged in the vicinity of and in opposite to the X-axial bar and Y-axial bar, for detecting lateral motion errors during straight movement of the holding unit in the X- and Y-axial direction with a high degree of accuracy.

Abstract: The apparatus for measuring the thickness of an object being measured has a first position measuring unit for measuring the position of a first surface of the object, a second position measuring unit for measuring the position of a second surface of said object opposite to said first surface, and a thickness obtaining portion for obtaining the thickness of the object on the basis of the position of the first surface determined by said first position measuring unit and the position of the second surface determined by the second position measuring unit.