Abstract: The present disclosure provides a transparent screen including two main surfaces, and out of light of which a wavelength incident on one main surface out of the two main surfaces is 532 nm, a half width of a peak observed in a distribution indicating strength with respect to a diffraction angle of a primary diffraction light emitted from the other main surface out of the two main surfaces is 2 degrees or greater.

Abstract: To provide an internal combustion engine control device (100) in which a control unit (107b) controls an operating condition of an internal combustion engine (1) based on a difference ?TCC between a first temperature TCC corresponding to the temperature of a first portion in a wall defining a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine (1), and a second temperature TE corresponding to the temperature of a second portion on an outer wall surface side than the first portion in the wall.

Abstract: To provide an internal combustion engine control device (100) in which a control unit (107b) controls an operating condition of an internal combustion engine (1) based on a difference ?TCC between a first temperature TCC corresponding to the temperature of a first portion in a wall defining a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine (1), and a second temperature TE corresponding to the temperature of a second portion on an outer wall surface side than the first portion in the wall.

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio control apparatus for controlling an air-fuel ratio of a supplied air-fuel mixture of an internal combustion engine to a target air-fuel ratio by a feedback control in accordance with an output signal of an oxygen concentration sensor provided at an exhaust pipe of the internal combustion engine, in which a perturbation control for vibrating the air-fuel ratio periodically to a rich side and a lean side centering on the target air-fuel ratio is executed in accordance with the output signal of the oxygen concentration sensor in a predetermined high load and high rotation operating state of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio control apparatus for controlling an air-fuel ratio of a supplied air-fuel mixture of an internal combustion engine to a target air-fuel ratio by a feedback control in accordance with an output signal of an oxygen concentration sensor provided at an exhaust pipe of the internal combustion engine, in which a perturbation control for vibrating the air-fuel ratio periodically to a rich side and a lean side centering on the target air-fuel ratio is executed in accordance with the output signal of the oxygen concentration sensor in a predetermined high load and high rotation operating state of the internal combustion engine.