Abstract: A coil spring has an effective section that functions as a spring when a load in a coil axis direction has been applied, end turn sections that are formed on both ends of the effective section, and rising sections that are formed between the effective section and the end turn sections, wherein the rising sections are formed in such a way that, when ?1 represents the pitch angle of the rising sections and ?2 represents the pitch angle of the effective section, pitch angle ?1>pitch angle ?2 holds true in at least one of the rising sections.

Abstract: A suture technique evaluation apparatus evaluates a suture technique performed on a simulated body simulating a part of the human body, and the suture technique evaluation apparatus includes a camera configured to image at least a suture region where suturing is performed on the simulated body, and a ligation force evaluation part adapted to evaluate the ligation force of the suturing on the basis of image data taken by the camera.

Abstract: A suture technique evaluation apparatus evaluates a suture technique performed on a simulated body simulating a part of the human body, and the suture technique evaluation apparatus includes a camera configured to image at least a suture region where suturing is performed on the simulated body, and a ligation force evaluation part adapted to evaluate the ligation force of the suturing on the basis of image data taken by the camera.

Abstract: An image completion system includes a first endoscope for obtaining an operating field image, a second endoscope for imaging the object space in a line-of-sight direction different from that of the first endoscope to obtain a completing image, a first device for measuring separating distances between a reference point and a large number of set points that are set in the object space, a second device for measuring three-dimensional positions of the endoscopes, and an image processing device for obtaining, image information on cutoff regions in the object space that are hidden on the depth sides of surgical instruments by imaging the surgical instruments in the operating field image together with the object space, and for replacing image information on the surgical instruments S in the operating field image with the obtained image information or superimposing the obtained image information onto the image information on the surgical instruments.

Abstract: A coil spring has an effective section that functions as a spring when a load in a coil axis direction has been applied, end turn sections that are formed on both ends of the effective section, and rising sections that are formed between the effective section and the end turn sections, wherein the rising sections are formed in such a way that, when ?1 represents the pitch angle of the rising sections and ?2 represents the pitch angle of the effective section, pitch angle ?1> pitch angle ?2 holds true in at least one of the rising sections.