Abstract: A digital-to-analog converter has two power supply nodes connected through a ladder-type resistor network to n-p-n bipolar transistors supplied with a reference voltages and directly supplied to n-p-n bipolar transistors responsive to a digital input signal, respectively, when a manufacturer tests the digital-to-analog converter, the tester sequentially changes the value of the digital input signal, and an ammeter measures the amount of electric current flowing through the ladder-type resistor network into the n-p-n bipolar transistors for accurately diagnosing the digital-to-analog converter on the basis of the variation of the electric current.

Abstract: An optical magnetic field sensor probe for detecting a magnetic field to be measured as an output light intensity, by disposing a polarizer, a magneto-optical device, and an analyzer mutually different in the transmission and polarization direction with respect to said polarizer, along the running direction of light, has an input optical fiber for feeding into to said polarizer through a first lens, and an output optical fiber for emitting an output light from said analyzer through a second lens, wherein said input optical fiber, said first lens, said magneto-optical device, said second lens and said output optical fiber are composed in a confocal optical system, and said first lens and said second lens are drum lenses.

Abstract: An optical magnetic field sensor probe for detecting a magnetic field to be measured as an output light intensity, by disposing a polarizer, a magneto-optical device, and an analyzer mutually different in the transmission and polarization direction with respect to said polarizer, along the running direction of light, has an input optical fiber for feeding into to said polarizer through a first lens, and an output optical fiber for emitting an output light from said analyzer through a second lens, wherein said input optical fiber, said first lens, said magneto-optical device, said second lens and said output optical fiber are composed in a confocal optical system, and said first lens and said second lens are drum lenses.

Abstract: An optical fiber modulator comprises an optical fiber, a substrate having a groove pattern in which the optical fiber is fixed, and a modulation unit including a polarizer, an electrooptic element, and an analyzer aligned in a light path of the optical fiber in this order, wherein the electrooptic element is made of a poled portion of the optical fiber, and when the electrooptic element is in an electric field-free condition, an absolute value, .delta., of a phase difference of a beam passed through the electrooptic element is within the following range(m/2-1/6).pi..ltoreq..delta..ltoreq.(m/2+1/6).pi.wherein m is an odd number. When the portion of the optical fiber is poled from two different directions, the modulation unit should further include a wave plate, and an absolute value, .delta.1, of a phase difference of a beam passed through the wave plate and the electrooptic element is within the following range of (n/2-1/6).pi..ltoreq..delta..ltoreq.(n/2+1/6).pi. wherein n is an odd number.

Abstract: A magneto-optical element comprises a film of a Bi-substituted rare earth iron garnet selected from garnets of the following chemical formulas(Bi.sub.x Gd.sub.y R.sub.z Y.sub.3-x-y-z)(Fe.sub.5-w Ga.sub.w)O.sub.12wherein R represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of rare earth elements other than Gd, and x, y, z and w are such that 1.00.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1.30, 0.42.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.60, 0.01.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.0.05 and 0.40.ltoreq.w.ltoreq.0.62, and(Bi.sub.x' Gd.sub.y' R.sub.z' Y.sub.3-x'-y'-z')Fe.sub.5 O.sub.12wherein R is as defined above, and x', y' and z' are such that 1.10.ltoreq.x'.ltoreq.1.30, 1.00.ltoreq.y'.ltoreq.1.80, 0.ltoreq.z'.ltoreq.0.06. An optical magnetic field sensor capable of detecting zeroth to higher order beams of diffracted light is also described.

Abstract: A rear projection type image display apparatus having an arrangement that a projection distance of a projection lens thereof is shortened and a density of mounting of parts relating to an optical system and an electric system is made higher. Furthermore, a width of a rear portion of a housing of the rear projection type image display apparatus is reduced rearwards at any position from the upper portion to the lower portion thereof, and the lower portion of a back cover is depressed inwards. Thus, a space required to install the rear projection type image display apparatus can be reduced, the rear surface of the apparatus can be disposed on a wall without any gap when the apparatus is installed along the wall, and the overall body of the apparatus can be received deep into a corner of walls when the apparatus is installed at the corner.

Abstract: An optical magnetic-field sensor has: a GRIN rod lens; optical fiber for incident light and optical fiber for outgoing light, which are arranged on one end of the GRIN rod lens; first and second reflection mirrors both being on the other end of the GRIN rod lens; and a magneto-optical crystal between the first and the second reflection mirrors, wherein light leaving the optical fiber for incident light is converted into convergent light by the GRIN rod lens , the convergent light is reflected by the first reflection mirror so that an optical axis of the convergent light is substantially vertical to the central axis of the GRIN rod lens , and that the convergent light is focused on the central axis of the GRIN rod lens , the reflected light passes through the central axis and is converted into divergent light, the divergent light is then reflected by the second reflection mirror which is placed at a position being symmetrical with the first reflection mirror, relative to the central axis, the reflected diverge

Abstract: An optical fiber sensor which comprises a substrate having a groove pattern, an optical fiber which includes a shaped, bare optical fiber portion of an inverted U form and capable of being received or accommodated in the groove pattern of the substrate, and jacketed optical fiber portions extending from the shaped optical fiber rod portion at opposite ends thereof, and an optical modulation unit which is fixedly provided in a light path of the bare optical fiber portion and placed in at least one groove formed in the substrate. A method for fabricating the sensor is also described. The sensors include magnetic filed/current, electric field/voltage and temperature sensors.

Abstract: A magneto-optical element comprises a film of a Bi-substituted rare earth iron garnet selected from garnets of the following chemical formulas(Bi.sub.x Gd.sub.y R.sub.z Y.sub.3-x-y-z)(Fe.sub.5-w Ga.sub.w)O.sub.12wherein R represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of rare earth elements other than Gd, and x, y, z and w are such that 1.00.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1.30, 0.42.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.60, 0.01.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.0.05 and 0.40.ltoreq.w.ltoreq.0.62, and(Bi.sub.x 'Gd.sub.y 'R.sub.z 'Y.sub.3-x'-y'-z')Fe.sub.5 O.sub.12wherein R is as defined above, and x', y' and z' are such that 1.10.ltoreq.x'.ltoreq.1.30, 1.00.ltoreq.y'.ltoreq.1.80, 0.ltoreq.z'.ltoreq.0.06. An optical magnetic field sensor capable of detecting zeroth to higher order beams of diffracted light is also described.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit has a boundary scan circuit in which the number of level converters is reduced while ensuring the freedom of device design. The semiconductor integrated circuit includes a logic circuit, a plurality of input and output pins having different logic levels, a plurality of serially connected testing circuits connected between the logic circuit and the input and output pins, and a plurality of level converters for converting logic levels. The serially connected testing circuits include a first group of testing circuits having the same logic levels as those of the input and output pins connected thereto, the testing circuits of the first group being connected directly in series to each other, and a second group of testing circuits having logic levels different from those of the input and output pins connected thereto. The testing circuits of the second group are connected through the level converters.

Abstract: A plastic lens formed by laminating, in the order as described below,(A) a plastic lens substrate having a refractive index in the range of 1.50 to 1.70,(B) a primer layer containing a metal compound of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Al, Ti, Zr, Sn and Sb and a polyurethane, or(B') a primer layer formed from a polyurethane containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, I and S,(C) a hard coating layer, and(D) a single-layered or multi-layered anti-reflection layer formed by vapor-depositing an inorganic substance.

Abstract: In manufacturing an intermetallic compound or an alloy based thereon having a fine-grained microstructure by stirring a charge of components, the high strain energy built up in the charge is released to prevent the occurrence of cracks in the course of cooling to room temperature. The charge is melted by high-frequency heating in an inert atmosphere. The molten charge is transferred into an isothermal furnace filled with the same atmosphere. The solidifying charge is stirred to break the formed crystals and thus forming a homogeneous fine-grained microstructure. After continuing stirring for a given time, the charge with refind microstructure is returned into the high-frequency furnace for reheating to release the high strain energy built up in it.

Abstract: A process for producing a light control plate which selectively scatters incident light of a specific angle, which comprises:(1) bringing at least one photopolymerizable compound of a photopolymerizable monomer and a photopolymerizable oligomer into contact with a transparent plastic film or sheet, each of the monomer and the oligomer having a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond and being capable of forming a polymer having a refractive index different from a refractive index of said transparent plastic film or sheet, to allow said photopolymerizable compound to infiltrate into said transparent film or sheet through a surface of said transparent film or sheet, thereby forming a swollen surface layer, and(2) irradiating the swollen surface layer with light from a linear light source at a predetermined angle to cure said swollen surface surface layer.

Abstract: A process for producing a light control plate, which comprises(1) preparing an assembly composed of a film of a photopolymerizing composition and a light pervious body having a light scattering pervious pattern arranged along the surface of the film and (2) irradiating light to the assembly from that side of the assembly on which the light pervious body exists, thereby to polymerize the photopolymerizable composition of the film and to form a light control plate having a light pervious region through which light advances straightforwardly defined by the light scattering pervious pattern.

Abstract: A method of producing a light control plate which induces scattering of light at different angles of incidence for different places. The method comprises (1) preparing an assembly comprising a film of a photo-polymerizable composition and a light-pervious body having a light-impervious pattern arranged along the surface of the film, (2) irradiating light limitedly to the assembly from that side where the light-pervious body at a limited angle while moving the assembly continuously in the planar direction of the film thereby to polymerize at least part of the photopolymerizable film, the light being emitted from a first linear light source whose long axis is positioned in a direction crossing the moving direction of the assembly; and thereafter (3) polymerizing the photopolymerizable composition of that portion of the film-like molded article which is covered with the light-impervious pattern of the light-pervious body by light irradiation or heating.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for coupling a semiconductor laser with an optical fiber in which, in order to prevent deterioration of coupling efficiency due to inclination of the optical fiber input end face for restricting the reflection return light to the semiconductor laser, the position of the semiconductor laser is deviated from the axis of the coupling lens by the value corresponding to the inclination angle of the optical fiber input end face, or the semiconductor laser is inclined. The apparatus includes a device for measuring and adjusting the inclination angle and inclination direction of the optical axis of the output light from the semiconductor laser after passing through the coupling lens.

Abstract: A magnetic field measurement apparatus with high sensitivity and high accuracy in which a Bi-substituted rare-earth iron garnet crystal with a high and no temperature dependent sensitivity constant grown by liquid phase epitaxy is used for a magneto-optic element.

Abstract: An easy method and apparatus to eliminate casting defects from composite materials of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys and improve their properties. The product composite materials with primary silicon crystals of several microns have fine honogeneous microstructures and mechanical properties comparable to similar materials produced by the conventional powder metallurgy technology. Highly wear-resistant composite materials, in which the hypereutectic Al-Si alloy and strengthening material are homogeneously mixed, can be obtained with ease. The hypereutectic Al-Si alloy and strengthening material are homogeneously mixed by stirring blades rotated at low speed. The obtained molten composite alloy rotated at high speed about a horizontal shaft in a heat-resistant vessel. The rotor rotating and stirring at high speed spatters the molten composite alloy material to break up the crystallizing out primary silicon crystals.

Abstract: A front spoiler arrangement installed at the front end section lower part of an automotive vehicle body. The front spoiler arrangement is comprised of a retractable spoiler fin supported by a pair of swingable arms which are spaced from each other and driven respectively by a pair of drive mechanism. Each swingable arm is securely connected at one end section thereof to the spoiler fin and at the other end section thereof to a rotatable drive shaft of each drive mechanism in such a manner that a mount rubber is interposed between the swingable arm and the drive shaft, thereby permitting lateral movement of the swingable arm relative to the drive shaft.

Abstract: An easy method and apparatus to eliminate casting defects from composite materials of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys and improve their properties. The product composite materials with primary silicon crystals of several microns have fine homogeneous microstructures and mechanical properties comparable to similar materials produced by the conventional powder metallurgy technology. Highly wear-resistant composite materials, in which the hypereutectic Al-Si alloy and strengthening material are homogeneously mixed, can be obtained with ease. The hypereutectic Al-Si alloy and strengthening material are homogeneously mixed by stirring blades rotated at low speed. The obtained molten composite alloy rotated at high speed about a horizontal shaft in a heat-resistant vessel. The rotor rotating and stirring at high speed spatters the molten composite alloy material to break up the crystallizing out primary silicon crystals.