Abstract: A novel light-emitting device is provided. A light-emitting device with high emission efficiency is provided. A light-emitting device with a long lifetime is provided. A light-emitting device with low driving voltage is provided. The light-emitting device includes an anode, a cathode, and an EL layer between the anode and the cathode. The EL layer includes a hole-injection layer, a light-emitting layer, and an electron-transport layer. The hole-injection layer is positioned between the anode and the light-emitting layer. The electron-transport layer is positioned between the light-emitting layer and the cathode. The hole-injection layer contains a first substance and a second substance. The first substance is an organic compound which has a hole-transport property and a HOMO level higher than or equal to ?5.7 eV and lower than or equal to ?5.4 eV. The second substance exhibits an electron-accepting property with respect to the first substance.

Abstract: The present invention provides a bending device which is capable of easily controlling a bending motion with superior controllability. A portion of an elastic tube body (11) opposite a portion in which a non-stretching body (4) is fixed inflates in a circumferential direction of the elastic tube body (11) in response to increase in an internal pressure of the elastic tube body (11), and an elastic tube (1P) bends in a step-wise angle corresponding to the number of layers of a multi-layer structure. The portion of the elastic tube body (11) in which the non-stretching body (4) is fixed is thicker than the remaining portion of the elastic tube body (11).

Abstract: The present invention provides a bending device which is capable of easily controlling a bending motion with superior controllability. A portion of an elastic tube body (11) opposite a portion in which a non-stretching body (4) is fixed inflates in a circumferential direction of the elastic tube body (11) in response to increase in an internal pressure of the elastic tube body (11), and an elastic tube (1P) bends in a step-wise angle corresponding to the number of layers of a multi-layer structure. The portion of the elastic tube body (11) in which the non-stretching body (4) is fixed is thicker than the remaining portion of the elastic tube body (11).

Abstract: An expansible elastic tube (1) in which gas is encapsulated, a medical instrument (an endoscopic camera 2) secured to the tip of the elastic tube (1), a non-expansive tube (3) that is connected to the other end of the elastic tube (1) in such a way as to communicate therewith, the non-expansive tube (3) in which gas is encapsulated, an inextensible body (4) having flexibility, the inextensible body (4) fixed to the elastic tube (1) in a longitudinal direction, a connecting tube (5) having the shape of a hollow circular cylinder and having flexibility and a non-expansive property, the connecting tube (5) connected to the non-expansive tube (3), and a control device (20) which performs variable control of the air pressure inside the elastic tube (1) are provided, and the air pressure is controlled by the control device (20), whereby the elastic tube (1) is made to expand and contract on the side opposite to the inextensible body (4) and the elastic tube (1) is curved at an arbitrary angle.

Abstract: An information communication apparatus includes a transmission apparatus transmitting audible sound signals and information signals, and a receiving apparatus. The transmission apparatus has multiple channels through which the audible sound signals are transmitted, one or more signal synthesizing units which electrically synthesize audible sound signals corresponding to each of the channels and machine operation control signals for controlling a machine and which generate synthesized electric signals with regard to each of the channels, and a transmission unit that transmits the synthesized electric signals through a transmission path for each of the channels.

Abstract: The acoustic signal transmission method is based on generating a synthesized sound electrical signal by electrically synthesizing an audible sound signal and another signal different than the audible sound signal at the sending side, and transmitting the synthesized sound electrical signal, and extracting the another signal different than the audible sound signal from the synthesized sound electrical signal at the receiving side. Here, generation of the synthesized sound electrical signal is made by using a data hiding technique, for example. Accordingly, the acoustic signal represented by the synthesized sound electrical signal can be heard by human ears in the same way as the audible sound signal, and the synthesized another signal cannot be detected by human ears. Here, the synthesized sound electrical signal can be transmitted as a sound wave in air space, as electrical signal through a transmission line or as radio signals such as infrared and electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: The acoustic signal transmission method is based on generating a synthesized sound electrical signal by electrically synthesizing an audible sound signal and another signal different than the audible sound signal at the sending side, and transmitting the synthesized sound electrical signal, and extracting the another signal different than the audible sound signal from the synthesized sound electrical signal at the receiving side. Here, generation of the synthesized sound electrical signal is made by using a data hiding technique, for example. Accordingly, the acoustic signal represented by the synthesized sound electrical signal can be heard by human ears in the same way as the audible sound signal, and the synthesized another signal cannot be detected by human ears. Here, the synthesized sound electrical signal can be transmitted as a sound wave in air space, as electrical signal through a transmission line or as radio signals such as infrared and electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: The acoustic signal transmission method is based on generating a synthesized sound electrical signal by electrically synthesizing an audible sound signal and another signal different than the audible sound signal at the sending side, and transmitting the synthesized sound electrical signal, and extracting the another signal different than the audible sound signal from the synthesized sound electrical signal at the receiving side. Here, generation of the synthesized sound electrical signal is made by using a data hiding technique, for example. Accordingly, the acoustic signal represented by the synthesized sound electrical signal can be heard by human ears in the same way as the audible sound signal, and the synthesized another signal cannot be detected by human ears. Here, the synthesized sound electrical signal can be transmitted as a sound wave in air space, as electrical signal through a transmission line or as radio signals such as infrared and electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: The acoustic signal transmission method is based on generating a synthesized sound electrical signal by electrically synthesizing an audible sound signal and another signal different than the audible sound signal at the sending side, and transmitting the synthesized sound electrical signal, and extracting the another signal different than the audible sound signal from the synthesized sound electrical signal at the receiving side. Here, generation of the synthesized sound electrical signal is made by using a data hiding technique, for example. Accordingly, the acoustic signal represented by the synthesized sound electrical signal can be heard by human ears in the same way as the audible sound signal, and the synthesized another signal cannot be detected by human ears. Here, the synthesized sound electrical signal can be transmitted as a sound wave in air space, as electrical signal through a transmission line or as radio signals such as infrared and electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: The acoustic signal transmission method is based on generating a synthesized sound electrical signal by electrically synthesizing an audible sound signal and another signal different than the audible sound signal at the sending side, and transmitting the synthesized sound electrical signal, and extracting the another signal different than the audible sound signal from the synthesized sound electrical signal at the receiving side. Here, generation of the synthesized sound electrical signal is made by using a data hiding technique, for example. Accordingly, the acoustic signal represented by the synthesized sound electrical signal can be heard by human ears in the same way as the audible sound signal, and the synthesized another signal cannot be detected by human ears. Here, the synthesized sound electrical signal can be transmitted as a sound wave in air space, as electrical signal through a transmission line or as radio signals such as infrared and electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: The acoustic signal transmission method is based on generating a synthesized sound electrical signal by electrically synthesizing an audible sound signal and another signal different than the audible sound signal at the sending side, and transmitting the synthesized sound electrical signal, and extracting the another signal different than the audible sound signal from the synthesized sound electrical signal at the receiving side. Here, generation of the synthesized sound electrical signal is made by using a data hiding technique, for example. Accordingly, the acoustic signal represented by the synthesized sound electrical signal can be heard by human ears in the same way as the audible sound signal, and the synthesized another signal cannot be detected by human ears. Here, the synthesized sound electrical signal can be transmitted as a sound wave in air space, as electrical signal through a transmission line or as radio signals such as infrared and electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: The acoustic signal transmission includes electrically synthesizing an audible sound signal and an insertion signal to generate a synthesized sound electrical signal at the sending side, transmitting the synthesized sound electrical signal, and extracting the insertion signal form the synthesized sound electrical signal at the receiving side. The extracted signal may be used for controlling machines or for transmitting information. The acoustic signal represented by the synthesized sound electrical signal can be heard by human ears in the same way as the audible sound signal, while the synthesized insertion signal cannot be detected by human ears. The synthesized sound electrical signal can be transmitted as a sound wave in air space, as electrical signals through a transmission line or as radio signals such as infrared and electromagnetic waves. The synthesized sounds may also be transported or distributed by recording on recording media such as compact disc and DVD.