Abstract: A high-temperature-steam-oxidation-resistive coated reinforcement fiber applicable to a fiber reinforced composite, is provided with: a reinforcement fiber; a coating layer covering the reinforcement fiber and including a rare-earth silicate; an exfoliative layer intervening in an interface between the coating layer and the reinforcement fiber; and a supplemental coating layer covering the reinforcement fiber, the exfoliative layer and the coating layer.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes a head including a discharge port. The head discharges a liquid from the discharge port toward an object. The liquid discharge apparatus further includes a liquid receiving surface that receives the liquid discharged from the discharge port, a contact part that contacts the discharge port, a moving unit that holds at least one of the liquid receiving surface and the contact part, and a holder. The moving unit is movable between a facing position where at least one of the liquid receiving surface and the contact part faces the discharge port and a position where the liquid receiving surface and the contact part do not face the discharge port. The holder movably holds the discharge port of the head in a discharge direction to discharge the liquid.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes a carriage (1), a liquid discharge head (300, 300C, 300K, 300M, 300Y, 300S, 300W) having a discharge port (P1, P2), a first driver (92), and a second driver (93). The carriage is movable along at least one of a first axis (X) and a second axis (Y) intersecting the first axis. The liquid discharge head is held by the carriage and discharges a liquid from the discharge port toward an object (100) in a direction along a third axis (Z) intersecting the first axis and the second axis. The first driver moves the carriage along the third axis. The second driver moves the liquid discharge head along the third axis relative to the carriage.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes a head to discharge a liquid containing a solvent from a discharge port toward an object, a concentration detector to detect a vapor concentration of the solvent, and circuitry to causes the head to discharge the liquid from the discharge port while moving the discharge port of the head in a movement direction perpendicular to a discharge direction to discharge the liquid. When the vaper concentration is equal to or higher than a first threshold, the circuitry stops moving the head in the movement direction and causes the head to stop discharging the liquid from the discharge port. When the vaper concentration is less than a second threshold, the circuitry resumes moving the head in the movement direction from a stop position where the head stops moving in the movement direction and causes the head to resume discharging the liquid from the discharge port.

Abstract: A drying device includes a contact heater unit to contact and heat a medium. The contact heater unit includes a plurality of heating members each having a curved contact face to contact the medium among plural heating members of the plurality of heating members to contact a first surface of the medium opposite a second surface of the medium on which liquid is applied. The plurality of heating members includes a first heating member and a plurality of second heating members. The first heating member has a maximum contact distance to contact the medium. The plurality of second heating members is disposed upstream from the first heating member in a direction of conveyance of the medium. Two heating members of the plurality of second heating members immediately upstream from the first heating member in the direction of conveyance of the medium contact the first surface of the medium.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming unit to form an image on a recording medium by discharging liquid droplets onto the medium; and a media heater to heat the medium by contacting a rear surface of the medium opposite a surface of the medium on which the image is formed, in which the media heater includes a contact member with a contact surface having a predetermined curvature that the medium contacts, the contact member is a roller member, and the medium closely contacts the contact surface of the contact member across an entire width of the medium in a direction perpendicular to the media conveyance direction.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes a head to discharge a liquid containing a solvent from a discharge port toward an object, a concentration detector to detect a vapor concentration of the solvent, and circuitry to causes the head to discharge the liquid from the discharge port while moving the discharge port of the head in a movement direction perpendicular to a discharge direction to discharge the liquid. When the vaper concentration is equal to or higher than a first threshold, the circuitry stops moving the head in the movement direction and causes the head to stop discharging the liquid from the discharge port. When the vaper concentration is less than a second threshold, the circuitry resumes moving the head in the movement direction from a stop position where the head stops moving in the movement direction and causes the head to resume discharging the liquid from the discharge port.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes a head including a discharge port. The head discharges a liquid from the discharge port toward an object. The liquid discharge apparatus further includes a liquid receiving surface that receives the liquid discharged from the discharge port, a contact part that contacts the discharge port, a moving unit that holds at least one of the liquid receiving surface and the contact part, and a holder. The moving unit is movable between a facing position where at least one of the liquid receiving surface and the contact part faces the discharge port and a position where the liquid receiving surface and the contact part do not face the discharge port. The holder movably holds the discharge port of the head in a discharge direction to discharge the liquid.

Abstract: A drying device includes a plurality of guide rollers and a heater. The plurality of guide rollers is configured to contact a liquid applied face of a drying target object that is conveyed with liquid applied to the liquid applied face, while the drying target object is dried. The plurality of guide rollers includes at least one guide roller having a surface roughness of from 2 to 8. The heater is configured to heat the drying target object while the plurality of guide rollers guides the drying target object. A printer includes a liquid application device configured to apply liquid to a drying target object, and the drying device.

Abstract: A dryer for conveying and drying an object to be dried, the dryer includes a conveyor including a first path and a second path along which the object to be dried is conveyed, a conveyance direction of the second path being different from a conveyance direction of the first path, and a blower to blow air onto the object to be dried. The blower includes a first air outlet that faces the first path and blows the air onto the object to be dried conveyed along the first path, and a second air outlet that faces the second path and blows the air onto the object to be dried conveyed along the second path.

Abstract: A thermal barrier coating material contains a compound X that is a cation-deficient-type defective perovskite complex oxide. Unit cells of the compound X each include six oxygen atoms and has a structure in which two octahedrons sharing one oxygen atom are aligned. In the compound X, central axes of two octahedrons that belong to adjacent unit cells, respectively, and are adjacent to each other are inclined relative to each other. A plurality of sets of the two octahedrons that belong to the adjacent unit cells, respectively, and are adjacent to each other are arranged to form a periodic structure in which octahedrons having different inclinations are alternately arranged, and the compound X has a boundary surface at which a periodicity of the periodic structure changes, in a crystal structure thereof.

Abstract: A drying device includes a contact heater unit to contact and heat a medium. The contact heater unit includes a plurality of heating members each having a curved contact face to contact the medium among plural heating members of the plurality of heating members to contact a first surface of the medium opposite a second surface of the medium on which liquid is applied. The plurality of heating members includes a first heating member and a plurality of second heating members. The first heating member has a maximum contact distance to contact the medium. The plurality of second heating members is disposed upstream from the first heating member in a direction of conveyance of the medium. Two heating members of the plurality of second heating members immediately upstream from the first heating member in the direction of conveyance of the medium contact the first surface of the medium.

Abstract: A thermal barrier coating includes: a metal bonding layer made of an alloy containing Al; a thermal barrier layer; and an intermediate layer provided between the metal bonding layer and the thermal barrier layer. The thermal barrier layer contains a compound represented by the following general formula (1), LnxTayHfzO(3x+5y+4z)/2 (1) (wherein Ln is an atom of one element selected from among rare earth elements, x is 0 to 1.0, y is 0.8 to 3.0, and z is 0 to 7.0). The intermediate layer contains at least one layer selected from among the following (A) to (C): (A) a layer containing hafnium oxide (HfO2) as a main component; (B) a layer containing, as a main component, a compound consisting of tantalum (Ta), hafnium (Hf), and oxygen (O); and (C) a layer containing, as a main component, a compound consisting of a rare earth element, tantalum (Ta), hafnium (Hf), and oxygen (O).

Abstract: An environmental resistant coating member includes a SiC long fiber-reinforced ceramics substrate and an environmental barrier coating layer provided on the whole surface of the SiC long fiber-reinforced ceramics substrate. The environmental barrier coating layer includes a SiAlON bonding layer laminated on the SiC long fiber-reinforced ceramics substrate, a mullite layer laminated on the SiAlON bonding layer, a reaction inhibition layer laminated on the mullite layer, and a gradient layer formed on the reaction inhibition layer that gradually changes from a rare-earth disilicate to a rare-earth monosilicate. The reaction inhibition layer includes at least one of an alumina layer, a garnet layer, and a rare-earth (mono)silicate layer. When the reaction inhibition layer includes two or more of these layers, the layers are formed in the order of the alumina layer, the garnet layer, and the rare-earth (mono)silicate layer from a mullite layer side toward a gradient layer side.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming unit to form an image on a recording medium by discharging liquid droplets onto the medium; and a media heater to heat the medium by contacting a rear surface of the medium opposite a surface of the medium on which the image is formed, in which the media heater includes a contact member with a contact surface having a predetermined curvature that the medium contacts, the contact member is a roller member, and the medium closely contacts the contact surface of the contact member across an entire width of the medium in a direction perpendicular to the media conveyance direction.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming unit to form an image on a recording medium by discharging liquid droplets onto the medium; and a media heater to heat the medium by contacting a rear surface of the medium opposite a surface of the medium on which the image is formed, in which the media heater includes a contact member with a contact surface having a predetermined curvature that the medium contacts, the contact member is a roller member, and the medium closely contacts the contact surface of the contact member across an entire width of the medium in a direction perpendicular to the media conveyance direction.

Abstract: A method of designing a rolled H-section steel includes: setting a height dimension H from an upper flange to a lower flange, a width dimension W of each of the upper flange and the lower flange, a plate thickness tw of a web, and a plate thickness tf of each of the upper flange and the lower flange so that, when it is assumed that a value obtained by dividing a second moment of area Ix about a strong axis by an outer circumferential length Lp in a cross-sectional shape when viewed in a cross section perpendicular to a member axis direction is a surface treatment economy Ix/Lp and an area of the cross-sectional shape is S, a predetermined relational formula is satisfied.

Abstract: A high-temperature-steam-oxidation-resistive coated reinforcement fiber applicable to a fiber reinforced composite, is provided with: a reinforcement fiber; a coating layer covering the reinforcement fiber and including a rare-earth silicate; an exfoliative layer intervening in an interface between the coating layer and the reinforcement fiber; and a supplemental coating layer covering the reinforcement fiber, the exfoliative layer and the coating layer.

Abstract: A drying device includes a plurality of guide rollers and a heater. The plurality of guide rollers is configured to contact a liquid applied face of a drying target object that is conveyed with liquid applied to the liquid applied face, while the drying target object is dried. The plurality of guide rollers includes at least one guide roller having a surface roughness of from 2 to 8. The heater is configured to heat the drying target object while the plurality of guide rollers guides the drying target object. A printer includes a liquid application device configured to apply liquid to a drying target object, and the drying device.

Abstract: A dryer for conveying and drying an object to be dried, the dryer includes a conveyor including a first path and a second path along which the object to be dried is conveyed, a conveyance direction of the second path being different from a conveyance direction of the first path, and a blower to blow air onto the object to be dried. The blower includes a first air outlet that faces the first path and blows the air onto the object to be dried conveyed along the first path, and a second air outlet that faces the second path and blows the air onto the object to be dried conveyed along the second path.