Abstract: The method of manufacturing a cathode for a fuel cell in accordance with the present invention is a method of manufacturing a cathode for a fuel cell equipped with a catalyst layer containing a catalyst, and includes a potential providing step of providing a precursor layer containing the catalyst with a potential higher than 1.3 V with reference to a standard hydrogen electrode, so as to form the catalyst layer.

Abstract: The direct alcohol fuel cell of the present invention is a direct alcohol fuel cell comprising an anode 20 having an anode catalyst layer 2, a cathode 30 having a cathode catalyst layer 3, and a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 1 arranged between the anode 20 and cathode 30, the direct alcohol fuel cell generating electricity by supplying the anode 20 with alcohol and water; wherein the cathode catalyst layer 3 contains a metal complex and/or a metal complex fired product formed by firing the metal complex as a catalyst.

Abstract: In a lithium secondary battery comprising positive and negative electrodes each comprising at least an active material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions, a binder and a current collector, and an electrolytic solution, the active material in the positive and/or negative electrode has been made conductive by coating its surface with a conductive agent and a binder, and affixed to the surface of the collector by a dry process. The lithium secondary battery is given a higher energy density and a higher output density and will find a wider range of application.

Abstract: In a lithium secondary battery comprising positive and negative electrodes each comprising at least an active material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions, a binder and a current collector, and an electrolytic solution, the active material in the positive and/or negative electrode has been made conductive by coating its surface with a conductive agent and a binder, and affixed to the surface of the collector by a dry process. The lithium secondary battery is given a higher energy density and a higher output density and will find a wider range of application.

Abstract: The invention aims to provide a lithium secondary battery exhibiting the improved function of self safety in an abnormal state without sacrificing battery characteristics. To attain the object, in a lithium secondary battery comprising a positive electrode (3a, 3b), a negative electrode (2a, 2b), an electrolytic solution, and a separator, a plurality of positive electrodes (3a, 3b) and negative electrodes (2a, 2b) are arranged to construct an electrode structure which includes an outermost layer of electrode on which a back coat layer (11) is formed.

Abstract: A nonaqueous solvent in a nonaqueous electrolytic solution in a lithium-ion secondary battery 1 contains propylene carbonate (PC), a first compound expressed by formula (I), and a second compound expressed by formula (II). The content of PC in the nonaqueous solvent is at least 10 volume %. The content X [mass %] of the first compound and the content Y [mass %] of the second compound simultaneously satisfy the conditions represented by expressions (1) and (2) [2?(X+Y)?8 (1), 0.01?(Y/X)?0.30 (2)]. R1 to R6 in formula (I) indicate any of a hydrogen atom and hydrocarbon groups having a carbon number of 1 to 3, whereas R7 and R8 in formula (II) indicate any of a hydrogen atom and hydrocarbon groups having a carbon number of 1 to 3.

Abstract: In the present system, the distributor includes: distributing means which distributes downlink communication data, received from said radio base station through said optical transmission path, to said plurality of remote radio base station apparatuses; and combining means which combines uplink communication data received from said remote radio base station apparatuses through the wire transmission path and transmits the combined communication data to said radio base station through said optical transmitting path, and the remote radio base station apparatus include: transmitting means which transmits the downlink communication data, received through said wire transmission path, by radio; and receiving means which transmits uplink data, received by radio, to said relay apparatus through said wire transmission path.

Abstract: Composite particles for an electrode of the invention are produced through a granulating step in which, a conductive additive and a binder are brought into a close contact with particles consisting of the electrode active material to integrate with each other. The granulating step preferably comprises a process for preparing a stock solution comprising the binder, the conductive additive and a solvent, a process for forming a fluidized bed by throwing particles of electrode active material into a fluidizing bathe and a process for bringing the particles of electrode active material and the particles of conductive additive into a close contact with the binder by spraying a stock solution into the fluidizing bathe, allowing the stock solution adhering to the particles of electrode active material and drying the same to remove the solvent from the adhered stock solution.

Abstract: The present invention provides an amplifying apparatus including, two amplifiers for receiving input signals in common and for outputting their respective amplified signals, a combiner for combining the output signals of the two amplifiers and for outputting a combined signal, the amplifying apparatus which inhibit the distortion component in the output of amplifiers in the transition state. This amplifying apparatus comprises, a predistortion unit for determining a distortion compensation component based on the output of the combiner and for predistorting the input based on the determined distortion compensation component, and a gain control unit for attenuating the inputs to set lower than in the steady state by reducing the gain in the transition from two amplifier operation to one amplifier operation, or in the transition from one amplifier operation to two amplifier operation, or at the time of removal or attachment the amplifiers.

Abstract: The electrode carbon material of the present invention is an electrode carbon material to become a constituent material for an electrode of a nonaqueous electrolyte battery, wherein the electrode carbon material is formed by way of a plasma processing step of subjecting a material composition to high-frequency thermal plasma processing in a plasma gas atmosphere including a sulfur-containing compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of making an electrochemical capacitor electrode comprising a collector and an electronically conductive porous layer formed on the collector while keeping an electric contact therewith. The porous layer contains at least a porous particle made of a carbon material having an electronic conductivity and a binder capable of binding the porous particle. The method comprises a plasma processing step of subjecting a material to high-frequency thermal plasma processing in a plasma gas atmosphere so as to yield the porous particle. All the manufacturing steps subsequent to the plasma processing step are carried out in an inert gas atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrochemical capacitor, and provides an electrochemical capacitor which has a fully lowered internal resistance and can yield excellent charging/discharging characteristics. The electrochemical capacitor of the present invention is mainly constituted by an anode and a cathode which oppose each other, an insulating separator disposed between the anode and cathode adjacent thereto, an electrolytic solution, and a casing accommodating them in a closed state. The anode contains a substantially spherical carbon material having an electronic conductivity as a constituent material, whereas the cathode contains a fibrous carbon material having an electronic conductivity as a constituent material.

Abstract: The electrode composite particles of this invention comprise an electrode active substance, an conductive auxiliary agent having electron conductivity, and a binder which binds the electrode active substance with the conductive auxiliary agent. The particles of electrode active substance contain large diameter particles and small diameter particles which simultaneously satisfy conditions expressed by the relations: 1 ?m?R?100 ?m??(1) 0.01 ?m?r?5 ?m??(2) ( 1/10000)?(r/R)?(?)??(3) R is the average particle diameter of the large diameter particles, and r is the average particle diameter of the small diameter particles.

Abstract: The coating liquid for forming an electrode in accordance with the present invention includes, as constituents, a granulated particle containing an electrode active material, a conductive auxiliary agent having an electronic conductivity, and a binder capable of binding the electrode active material and conductive auxiliary agent to each other; and a liquid adapted to disperse or dissolve the granulated particle, whereas the granulated particle is formed by way of a granulating step of preparing a material liquid containing the binder, the conductive auxiliary agent, and a solvent, and then attaching the material liquid to a surface of a particle made of the electrode active material and bringing a particle made of the binder and a particle made of the conductive auxiliary agent into close contact with the surface. An electrode is formed by using the coating liquid for forming an electrode, whereas an electrochemical device is equipped with the electrode.

Abstract: An electrode comprises a planar collector, and an active material containing layer disposed on the collector. The active material containing layer comprises a plurality of particles containing an active material, and a binder for binding the particles containing the active material to each other and the particles containing the active material to the collector. The collector has a surface depressed in conformity to a form of the particles containing the active material.

Abstract: To realize a unit sales system of an electromotive power assisted bicycle that provides a broad range of flexibility in conformity with requirements of a user, a server computer 1-1 for distributing an electromotive power assisted bicycle according to the present invention comprises a control section 1-2 for providing a general control and management of the computer, a hard disk 1-3 for storing a set of a variety of information for providing the electromotive power assisted bicycle, and a modem 1-4 enabling the connection to a variety of different terminals via a communication network. The hard disk 1-3 stores bicycle information, electromotive power assisting information, user information, physical strength/health information, a variety of different control programs to be downloaded, information about a supplier to which an order is issued, and information about an assembly station and so on.

Abstract: A lithium-ion secondary battery comprises a positive electrode collector having a surface provided with a positive electrode active material layer containing a positive electrode active material; a negative electrode collector having a surface provided with a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material; an electrically insulating porous separator; and an electrolytic solution containing a lithium salt and infiltrating the separator. The negative electrode active material layer carries 2.0 to 6.0 mg/cm2 of the negative electrode active material. The separator has a porosity of 45% to 90% and a Gurley air permeance of less than 200 s/100 cm3.

Abstract: A secondary battery comprises lithium-ion secondary battery elements each including a pair of electrodes and a resistor electrically connected to at least one polarity side of the pair of electrodes.

Abstract: A lithium-ion secondary battery device comprises a positive electrode collector having a surface formed with a positive electrode active material layer containing a positive electrode active material; a negative electrode collector having a surface formed with a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material; an electrically insulating porous separator; and an electrolyte containing a lithium salt and being in contact with the positive electrode active material layer, negative electrode active material layer, and separator. The negative electrode active material is a carbon material having a graphite structure. The amount of the carbon material supported by the negative electrode active material layer is 2.0 to 4.0 mg/cm2. The graphite structure in an X-ray diffraction pattern of the carbon material exhibits a peak intensity P101 of (101) plane and a peak intensity P100 of (100) plane having a ratio (P101/P100) of 2.0 to 2.8 therebetween.

Abstract: The method of charging a lithium ion secondary battery uses a lithium ion secondary battery comprising a positive electrode including a mixed metal oxide containing at least Li, Mn, and Ni as metal components as a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing a lithium salt; and includes a constant current charging step of carrying out constant current charging with a set charging current value I1 corresponding to a set value nC satisfying the condition represented by the expression of 2C?nC?60C, where C is a rated capacity value of the lithium ion secondary battery, and n is a number of 2 to 60.