Abstract: A salt represented by formula (I) and a resist composition including the salt are described. wherein, in formula (I), Q1 and Q2 each independently represent a fluorine atom or the like, R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or the like, Z represents an integer of 0 to 6, X1 represents *—CO—O—, *—O—CO—, *—O—CO—O— or *—O—, L1 represents a single bond or an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, A1 represents a divalent cyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 36 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, L2 represents a single bond, a carbonyl group or an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, A2 represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, R3, R4 and R5 each independently represent a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and Z+ represents an organic cation.

Abstract: A lubrication method including lubricating a sliding member which contains at least one selected from the group consisting of a liquid crystal polymer and polyetheretherketone by using a lubricating oil composition which contains an ester as a lubricating base oil.

Abstract: A lubrication method including lubricating a sliding member which contains at least one selected from the group consisting of a liquid crystal polymer and polyetheretherketone by using a lubricating oil composition which contains at least one selected from the group consisting of a mineral oil and alkyl benzene as a lubricating base oil.

Abstract: A lubrication method including lubricating a sliding member which contains at least one selected from the group consisting of a liquid crystal polymer and polyetheretherketone by using a lubricating oil composition which contains at least one selected from the group consisting of a mineral oil and alkyl benzene as a lubricating base oil.

Abstract: A lubrication method including lubricating a sliding member which contains at least one selected from the group consisting of a liquid crystal polymer and polyetheretherketone by using a lubricating oil composition which contains an ester as a lubricating base oil.

Abstract: An optical substrate according to one embodiment includes a support substrate, and a projection-depression structure layer on a surface of which shapes of projections and depressions are formed, the projection-depression structure layer being laminated on the support substrate. The extending directions of projection portions contained in the projection-depression structure layer are irregularly distributed seen in planar view. An outline seen in planar view of a projection portion contained in a region per unit area of the projection-depression structure layer includes more straight line sections than curved line sections.

Abstract: An optical substrate according to one embodiment includes a support substrate, and a projection-depression structure layer on a surface of which shapes of projections and depressions are formed, the projection-depression structure layer being laminated on the support substrate. The extending directions of projection portions contained in the projection-depression structure layer are irregularly distributed seen in planar view. An outline seen in planar view of a projection portion contained in a region per unit area of the projection-depression structure layer includes more straight line sections than curved line sections.

Abstract: A method for producing a mold includes: applying a block copolymer solution made of first and second polymers on a base member; performing a first annealing process at a temperature higher than Tg of the block copolymer after drying the coating film; forming a concavity and convexity structure on the base member by removing the second polymer by an etching process; performing a second annealing process of the concavity and convexity structure at a temperature higher than Tg of the first polymer; forming a seed layer on the structure; laminating or stacking a metal layer on the seed layer by an electroforming; and peeling off the metal layer from the base member. The second annealing process enables satisfactory transfer of a concavity and convexity structure on the base member onto the metal layer.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a substrate with a concave-convex structure includes: forming a base material layer on a substrate; forming a base layer having a concave-convex pattern by transferring a concave-convex pattern of a mold to the base material layer; and forming a coating layer by coating the concave-convex pattern of the base layer with a coating material, wherein the coating layer is formed such that a thickness of the coating layer is in a range of 25 to 150% of standard deviation of depth of concavities and convexities of the base layer. The substrate with the concave-convex structure manufactured by this method has good light extraction efficiency and effectively prevents leak current in an organic light emitting diode having this substrate.

Abstract: A method for producing a mold includes: applying a block copolymer solution made of first and second polymers on a base member; performing a first annealing process at a temperature higher than Tg of the block copolymer after drying the coating film; forming a concavity and convexity structure on the base member by removing the second polymer by an etching process; performing a second annealing process of the concavity and convexity structure at a temperature higher than Tg of the first polymer; forming a seed layer on the structure; laminating or stacking a metal layer on the seed layer by an electroforming; and peeling off the metal layer from the base member. The second annealing process enables satisfactory transfer of a concavity and convexity structure on the base member onto the metal layer.

Abstract: A mold for transferring a fine pattern, suitable for producing a substrate having a concave-convex structure such as a diffraction grating, can be provided by a simple process and with a high throughput. A method for producing a mold for transferring a fine pattern includes: a step of coating a surface of a base member with a solution containing a block copolymer and polyalkylene oxide; a solvent phase-separation step of phase-separating the block copolymer under a presence of vapor of an organic solvent so as to obtain a block copolymer film of the block copolymer, the block copolymer film having a concave-convex structure on a surface thereof and a horizontal cylinder structure in an interior thereof; a step of stacking a metal layer by electroforming; and a step of releasing the base member having the concave-convex structure formed thereon from the metal layer.

Abstract: A method for producing a mold includes: applying a block copolymer solution made of first and second polymers on a base member; performing a first annealing process at a temperature higher than Tg of the block copolymer after drying the coating film; forming a concavity and convexity structure on the base member by removing the second polymer by an etching process; performing a second annealing process of the concavity and convexity structure at a temperature higher than Tg of the first polymer; forming a seed layer on the structure; laminating or stacking a metal layer on the seed layer by an electroforming; and peeling off the metal layer from the base member. The second annealing process enables satisfactory transfer of a concavity and convexity structure on the base member onto the metal layer.

Abstract: A diffraction grating having a transparent supporting substrate; and a cured resin layer which is stacked on the transparent supporting substrate and which has concavities and convexities formed on a surface thereof, wherein when a Fourier-transformed image is obtained by performing two-dimensional fast Fourier transform processing on a concavity and convexity analysis image obtained by analyzing a shape of the concavities and convexities formed on the surface of the cured resin layer by use of an atomic force microscope, the Fourier-transformed image shows a circular or annular pattern substantially centered at an origin at which an absolute value of wavenumber is 0 ?m?1, and the circular or annular pattern is present within a region where an absolute value of wavenumber is within a range of 10 ?m?1 or less.

Abstract: A transparent electroconductive substrate for a solar cell, comprising: a transparent supporting substrate; a transparent electroconductive layer; and a cured resin layer placed between the transparent supporting substrate and the transparent electroconductive layer, wherein concavities and convexities are formed on a surface of the cured resin layer, the surface facing the transparent electroconductive layer, and when a Fourier-transformed image is obtained by performing two-dimensional fast Fourier transform processing on a concavity and convexity analysis image obtained by analyzing a shape of the concavities and convexities by use of an atomic force microscope, the Fourier-transformed image shows a circular or annular pattern substantially centered at an origin at which an absolute value of wavenumber is 0 ?m?1, and the circular or annular pattern is present within a region where an absolute value of wavenumber is within a range from 0.5 to 10 ?m?1.