Abstract: An optimization apparatus includes electronic circuits configured to perform calculating, for a plurality of annealing units to which respective states and respective, different temperatures are assigned, respective evaluation function values responsive to the respective states, and causing a transition in the states with probabilities responsive to the temperatures and the evaluation function values, exchanging the temperatures or the states between the plurality of annealing units with predetermined probabilities based on the temperatures and the evaluation function values, and changing a temperature of an annealing unit of interest, such that a probability of exchange between the annealing unit of interest and a first annealing unit situated next thereto on a lower temperature side in a sequence arranged in order of temperature approaches a probability of exchange between the annealing unit of interest and a second annealing unit situated next thereto on a higher temperature side in the sequence.

Abstract: An optimization device includes: a memory; and a processor and configured to: store a coefficient indicating magnitude of an interaction between bits in a bit string representing a state of an Ising model; output, when any bit in the bit string is inverted, a signal indicating inversion availability of an own bit according to calculation of energy change in the Ising model using the coefficient corresponding to the inverted bit and the own bit read from the memory as bit operations; output a signal indicating a bit to be inverted in the bit string selected on the basis of the signal indicating inversion availability output from bit operations of a first number of bits of the bit string, of the bit operations; and change the first number of bits and change a second number of bits of the coefficient for each bit operations of the first number of bits.

Abstract: A temperature measuring device 10 includes a spectrum data acquirer 11 configured to acquire spectrum data that indicates a spectrum of Brillouin scattered light generated by causing light to be incident on an optical fiber FUT, a spectrum data analyzer 12 configured to analyze the spectrum data and to obtain a Brillouin frequency shift amount, a corrector 13 configured to predict an amount of change in the Brillouin frequency shift amount due to structural relaxation of the optical fiber FUT from a thermal history of the optical fiber FUT, and configured to correct the Brillouin frequency shift amount obtained by the spectrum data analyzer 12 using the predicted amount of change, and a temperature calculator 14 configured to obtain a temperature of the optical fiber FUT on the basis of the Brillouin frequency shift amount corrected by the corrector 13.

Abstract: An optical fiber characteristic measurement device (1) includes a light detector (16) configured to detect Brillouin scattered light (LS) obtained by causing light to be incident on an optical fiber (FUT); a signal processor (18b) configured to obtain, on the basis of a detection signal (S1) which is output from the light detector, a first Brillouin gain spectrum (B1) which is a spectrum of the Brillouin scattered light obtained in a case where a spectral width of the light incident on the optical fiber is a first width and a second Brillouin gain spectrum (B2) which is a spectrum of the Brillouin scattered light obtained in a case where the spectral width of the light incident on the optical fiber is a second width larger than the first width; and a measurer (18c) configured to measure characteristics of the optical fiber on the basis of the first Brillouin gain spectrum and the second Brillouin gain spectrum.

Abstract: A deburring tool for cutting burr generated when members are welded to each other by friction stir welding is provided. The deburring tool includes a tool center portion contacting a welding portion, and a blade portion formed on an outer circumference of the tool center portion to cut the burr. The tool center portion includes a protrusion protruding downward from a ridge line of the blade portion to control a burr cutting amount.

Abstract: The present invention makes it possible to weld workpieces to each other efficiently firmly by friction stir welding while reducing labor and man-hours. A friction stir welding method includes a fixing step, a temporary welding step S2, and a main welding step as follows. The fixing step includes fixing the workpieces W1 and W2 to a receiving table by pressing the workpieces W1 and W2 against the receiving table by means of a plurality of spring pins 10 that, are spaced apart from one another. The temporary welding step S2 includes spot-welding the workpieces W1 and W2 to each other by friction stir welding at locations different from positions of the spring pine 10. The main welding step includes line-welding the spot-welded workpieces W1 and W2 to each other by friction stir welding.

Abstract: An optical fiber characteristic measurement device (1, 2, 3) includes a photodetector (15, 15A) which detects Brillouin scattered light (LS) obtained by causing light to be incident on an optical fiber (FUT), an intensity acquisitor (16, 16A) which acquires a signal intensity at a prescribed reference frequency (f1, f2) from a detection signal (S1, S2, S3) output from the photodetector, and a measurer (18, 18A, 18B) which measures characteristics of the optical fiber by obtaining a peak frequency of a Brillouin gain spectrum, which is a spectrum of the Brillouin scattered light, from the signal intensity at the reference frequency acquired by the intensity acquisitor.

Abstract: An optical fiber characteristics measurement apparatus (1) includes: a light source (11) configured to output continuous light (L1) of which frequency is modulated; a first optical splitter (12) configured to split the continuous light into pump light (LP) and reference light (LR); a pulser (13) configured to pulse the pump light; a second optical splitter (14) configured to cause the pulsed pump light to be incident from one end of an optical fiber (FUT) and output backscattered light (LS) generated due to Brillouin scattering in the optical fiber; a detector (17) configured to detect interference light between the backscattered light and the reference light; a cutout unit (18, 20a, 34, 41, 42a) configured to cut out a detection signal output from the detector at predetermined time intervals; and a measurer (19, 35a, 35b) configured to measure characteristics of the optical fiber individually using the detection signal for each of the predetermined time intervals cut out by the cutout unit.

Abstract: An optimization device includes: a memory; and a processor configured to: calculate, as bit operations, when any bit in a bit string representing a state of an Ising model is inverted, an energy change value of the Ising model based on a coefficient indicating magnitude of an interaction between an own bit and the inverted bit in the bit string; output a first signal indicating inversion availability of the own bit according to the energy change value and a second signal indicating the energy change value; select the bit to be inverted in the bit string and the energy change value corresponding to the bit based on the first signal and the second signal; output a fourth signal indicating the selected energy change value; and calculate energy of the Ising model based on the energy change value indicated by the fourth signal.

Abstract: An optical fiber characteristic measurement apparatus (1) includes: a light source (11) configured to output a laser beam of which frequency is modulated; an incident part (12, 13, 14, and 15) configured to make the laser beam output from the light source be incident from one end and another end of an optical fiber (FUT) as continuous light (L1) and pulsed light (L2), respectively; a light detector (16) configured to detect light projected from the optical fiber and output a detection signal (D1); and a detector (17 and 18a) configured to detect, in a first period (T1) in which scattering light based on the continuous light and the pulsed light is projected from the optical fiber and a second period (T2) shorter than the first period, in which the scattering light is not projected from the optical fiber, the scattering light based on integrated values acquired by integrating the detection signal for a predetermined time.

Abstract: A transmission line substrate includes a stacked body that includes insulating base materials, first and second signal lines, and first and second ground conductors. The second signal line is provided on a layer different from the layer of the first signal line and extends in parallel with the first signal line. The first ground conductor is provided on the same layer as the layer of the second signal line and overlapped with the first signal line when viewed in the Z-axis direction. The second ground conductor is provided on the same layer as the layer of the first signal line and overlapped with the second signal line when viewed in the Z-axis direction. A first transmission line includes the first signal line, the first ground conductor, and an insulating base material, and a second transmission line includes the second signal line, the second ground conductor, and the insulating base material.

Abstract: An optimization apparatus includes a processor. The processor configured to calculate a change amount of energy represented by an evaluation function of a case of changing a state of any one of a plurality of state variables so as to increase or decrease a value by 1 in a case of a state variable taking multiple values, the evaluation function representing the energy including the plurality of state variables, determine whether to set a state change in the state variable as a candidate according to a correlation between a threshold and a total change amount, stochastically determine whether to adopt the state change set as the candidate, calculate post-transition energy after executing a state transition of the state variable according to the state change, and obtain minimum energy by setting the post-transition energy as the minimum energy when the post-transition energy is less than the minimum energy.

Abstract: An optical fiber characteristics measurement apparatus (1) includes: a light source (11) configured to output continuous light (L1) of which frequency is modulated; a first optical splitter (12) configured to split the continuous light into pump light (LP) and reference light (LR); a pulser (13) configured to pulse the pump light; a second optical splitter (14) configured to cause the pulsed pump light to be incident from one end of an optical fiber (FUT) and output backscattered light (LS) generated due to Brillouin scattering in the optical fiber; a detector (17) configured to detect interference light between the backscattered light and the reference light; a cutout unit (18, 20a, 34, 41, 42a) configured to cut out a detection signal output from the detector at predetermined time intervals; and a measurer (19, 35a, 35b) configured to measure characteristics of the optical fiber individually using the detection signal for each of the predetermined time intervals cut out by the cutout unit.

Abstract: An optimization apparatus includes: a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to: control a temperature value indicating a temperature; calculate a change amount of energy represented by an evaluation function in a case where a state transition is performed by changing a state of any one of a plurality of state variables included in the evaluation function representing the energy; stochastically determine whether or not to accept the state transition based on a correlation between the change amount of the energy and a threshold calculated based on the temperature value and a random number value; hold an expected value of each of the states of the plurality of state variables in the memory; compare each of the expected values in the memory with the corresponding one of the values of the states of the state variables and extracts each unequal state variable.

Abstract: An optical fiber characteristic measurement apparatus (1) includes: a light source (11) configured to output a laser beam of which frequency is modulated; an incident part (12, 13, 14, and 15) configured to make the laser beam output from the light source be incident from one end and another end of an optical fiber (FUT) as continuous light (L1) and pulsed light (L2), respectively; a light detector (16) configured to detect light projected from the optical fiber and output a detection signal (D1); and a detector (17 and 18a) configured to detect, in a first period (T1) in which scattering light based on the continuous light and the pulsed light is projected from the optical fiber and a second period (T2) shorter than the first period, in which the scattering light is not projected from the optical fiber, the scattering light based on integrated values acquired by integrating the detection signal for a predetermined time.

Abstract: An optimization apparatus includes a processor. The processor configured to change a state of any one of a plurality of state variables included in an evaluation function, calculate a change amount of an energy represented by the evaluation function, and obtain a first total change amount by adding a second total change amount and the calculated change amount, repeat a process for speculatively selecting the state variable to be changed and obtaining the first total change amount, stochastically determine whether or not to adopt a state transition in which a predetermined number of the state variables are changed according to a correlation relationship between a threshold and the first total amount, calculate transited energy after performed the state transition, and specify the transited energy as a minimum energy when the transited energy is less than a previously specified minimum energy.

Abstract: A transmission line substrate includes a stacked body that includes insulating base materials, first and second signal lines, and first and second ground conductors. The second signal line is provided on a layer different from the layer of the first signal line and extends in parallel with the first signal line. The first ground conductor is provided on the same layer as the layer of the second signal line and overlapped with the first signal line when viewed in the Z-axis direction. The second ground conductor is provided on the same layer as the layer of the first signal line and overlapped with the second signal line when viewed in the Z-axis direction. A first transmission line includes the first signal line, the first ground conductor, and an insulating base material, and a second transmission line includes the second signal line, the second ground conductor, and the insulating base material.

Abstract: An optimization apparatus includes electronic circuits configured to perform calculating, for a plurality of annealing units to which respective states and respective, different temperatures are assigned, respective evaluation function values responsive to the respective states, and causing a transition in the states with probabilities responsive to the temperatures and the evaluation function values, exchanging the temperatures or the states between the plurality of annealing units with predetermined probabilities based on the temperatures and the evaluation function values, and changing a temperature of an annealing unit of interest, such that a probability of exchange between the annealing unit of interest and a first annealing unit situated next thereto on a lower temperature side in a sequence arranged in order of temperature approaches a probability of exchange between the annealing unit of interest and a second annealing unit situated next thereto on a higher temperature side in the sequence.

Abstract: A transmission line substrate includes a stacked body that includes insulating base materials, first and second signal lines, and first and second ground conductors. The second signal line is provided on a layer different from the layer of the first signal line and extends in parallel with the first signal line. The first ground conductor is provided on the same layer as the layer of the second signal line and overlapped with the first signal line when viewed in the Z-axis direction. The second ground conductor is provided on the same layer as the layer of the first signal line and overlapped with the second signal line when viewed in the Z-axis direction. A first transmission line includes the first signal line, the first ground conductor, and an insulating base material, and a second transmission line includes the second signal line, the second ground conductor, and the insulating base material.

Abstract: An optimization device includes: a memory; and a processor and configured to: store a coefficient indicating magnitude of an interaction between bits in a bit string representing a state of an Ising model; output, when any bit in the bit string is inverted, a signal indicating inversion availability of an own bit according to calculation of energy change in the Ising model using the coefficient corresponding to the inverted bit and the own bit read from the memory as bit operations; output a signal indicating a bit to be inverted in the bit string selected on the basis of the signal indicating inversion availability output from bit operations of a first number of bits of the bit string, of the bit operations; and change the first number of bits and change a second number of bits of the coefficient for each bit operations of the first number of bits.