Abstract: A battery 2 includes an exterior casing 10 and an electrode group 22 accommodated in the exterior casing 10 together with an alkaline electrolyte solution. The electrode group 22 includes a stack of a positive electrode 24 and a negative electrode 26 via a separator 28. The negative electrode 26 includes a negative electrode substrate and a negative electrode mixture held to the negative electrode substrate. The negative electrode mixture includes at least one of zinc, a zinc alloy, or a zinc-containing compound. The negative electrode substrate includes a main body and a tin-based surface layer covering the main body. The main body includes a non-porous sheet-shaped metallic conductor.

Abstract: An alkaline secondary battery of the present invention includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte. The negative electrode contains a zinc compound and an oxalate or a hydrate thereof. The electrolyte is a solution containing at least one member selected from the group consisting of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide, and when a concentration of the potassium hydroxide in the electrolyte is A (mol/L), a concentration of the sodium hydroxide in the electrolyte is B (mol/L), and a concentration of the lithium hydroxide in the electrolyte is C (mol/L), expressions (1) and (2) below are satisfied: Expression (1): 8.5?A+B?9.5, Expression (2): C/(A+B)?0.07.

Abstract: A negative electrode for a zinc battery of the present invention includes a negative electrode mixture containing zinc oxide. In an X-ray diffraction pattern of the negative electrode mixture, the ratio (I002/I101) of the peak intensity (I002) of the (002) plane derived from the zinc oxide to the peak intensity (I101) of the (101) plane derived from the zinc oxide is 0.4 or more.

Abstract: This negative electrode for a zinc battery comprises a nonporous current collector and a negative electrode mixture layer which is held by the current collector and contains at least one of zinc, a zinc alloy, and a zinc-containing compound. The negative electrode has a current collector-exposed section in which the negative electrode mixture layer is not disposed, in a portion located at the outermost circumferential surface when wound.

Abstract: A nickel-zinc secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an alkaline electrolyte. The positive electrode includes a particle that includes a nickel composite hydroxide as a positive electrode active material, and the particle including the nickel composite hydroxide has a half-value width of a peak in a (101) plane appearing at 2?=35 to 45° in an X-ray diffraction measurement of less than 0.8°.

Abstract: A battery includes an exterior can, an electrode group housed together with an alkaline electrolyte in the exterior can, and a sealing member that seals the exterior can. The electrode group is formed by winding a positive electrode and a negative electrode stacked together with a separator interposed therebetween into a spiral shape and has a columnar overall shape. A protruding negative electrode edge portion that is a partially protruding portion of the negative electrode is located at a lower end surface portion of the electrode group, and the protruding negative electrode edge portion is in direct contact with the inner surface of a bottom wall of the exterior can.

Abstract: A battery includes an outer can and an electrode group housed in the outer can together with an alkaline electrolyte solution. The electrode group includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode stacked together with a separator therebetween. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode core and a negative electrode mixture retained on the negative electrode core. The negative electrode mixture contains at least one of zinc, a zinc alloy, or a zinc-containing compound. The negative electrode core is composed of a nonporous copper foil. The separator is a composite including a nonwoven fabric and a microporous film stacked together in the thickness direction. A value of A/B is 0.28 or more and 0.53 or less, where A is the total thickness of the microporous film, and B is the total thickness of the nonwoven fabric.

Abstract: A negative electrode for a zinc battery is disclosed. The negative electrode comprises: a plate-like negative electrode core member; and a negative electrode mixture layer formed on at least one main surface of the negative electrode core member. The negative electrode mixture layer contains a negative electrode mixture. The negative electrode mixture includes zinc particles formed from at least one of zinc and a zinc alloy. On the at least one main surface of the negative electrode core member, a number of deformed areas in which a change in a length in a thickness direction of the negative electrode core member with respect to a reference exceeds 50 ?m is 2.4 or less per square millimeter.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or a negative charge, R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a lower alkanoyloxy group, an amino group, an N-lower alkylamino group, an N,N-di-lower alkylamino group, a lower alkanoylamino group, an aroylamino group, a (lower alkylsulfonyl)amino group, a sulfamoylamino group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a group of --COOR.sup.4 (wherein R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group) or a group of --CON(R.sup.5)R.sup.6 (wherein each of R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 which may be the same or different, is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, or R.sup.5 and R.sup.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or a negative charge, X is a group of --N(R.sup.3)R.sup.4 (wherein R.sup.3 is a lower alkyl group, and R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group) or a group of --N.sup.+ (R.sup.5)(R.sup.6)R.sup.7 (wherein each of R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 which may be the same or different, is a lower alkyl group), and n is an integer of from 2 to 4; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof.

Abstract: Carbapenem compounds of formula I and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters are provided: ##STR1## wherein R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, p, q and r are as defined herein, which are useful as antibacterial agents.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a negative charge, each of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 which may be the same or different, is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a hydroxy lower alkyl group, a formimidoyl group, an acetoimidoyl group, --COOR.sup.4, --CON(R.sup.5)R.sup.6, --N(R.sup.5)R.sup.6, --CH.sub.2 COOR.sup.4, --CH.sub.2 N(R.sup.5)R.sup.6 or --CH.sub.2 CON(R.sup.5)R.sup.6 (wherein R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, each of R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 which may be the same or different, is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, or R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 form together with the adjacent nitrogen atom a heterocyclic group selected from the group consisting of an aziridinyl group, an azetidinyl group, a pyrrolidinyl group and a piperidyl group), A is .dbd.NR.sup.7, .dbd.N.sup.+ (R.sup.7)R.sup.8, wherein each of R.sup.7 and R.sup.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a negative charge, R.sup.2 is a lower alkyl group, a lower alkyl group substituted with a hydroxyl group or --COOR.sup.3 (wherein R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group), A is .dbd.NH, .dbd.NR.sup.4 or .dbd.N(R.sup.4)R.sup.5 (wherein each of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 which may be the same or different, is a lower alkyl group or a lower alkyl group substituted with a hydroxyl group), p is an integer of from 0 to 3, and each of q and r which may be the same or different, is an integer of from 0 to 5, provided that q and r are not simultaneously 0 and q +r.ltoreq.6; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof.

Abstract: A cephalosporin derivative having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a substituted amino group, X is an alkylene group, R.sup.2 is an aryl or heterocyclic group which may be substituted and R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom, a negative charge or a residue of an ester which can form a pharmaceutically acceptable ester hydrolyzable in a living body; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: A process for producing a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or an aralkyl group, and R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl-protecting group, or a salt thereof, which comprises removing from a compound of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl-protecting group, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 which may be the same or different are N-protecting groups selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl groups and aralkyl groups, and X.sup..crclbar. is an anion, the N-protecting group(s), if necessary, together with the hydroxyl-protecting group.

Abstract: A cephalosporin derivative having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a substituted amino group, X is an alkylene group, R.sup.2 is an aryl or heterocyclic group which may be substituted and R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom, a negative charge or a residue of an ester which can form a pharmaceutically acceptable ester hydrolyzable in a living body; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.