Abstract: An organic electroluminescent element in accordance with the present invention includes: a transparent electrode; a blue light-emitting layer containing a blue light-emitting material having a maximum emission wavelength 460 nm or less; a first green light-emitting layer containing a first green light-emitting material having a maximum emission wavelength in the spectrum between 460 nm and 610 nm; a red light-emitting layer containing a red light-emitting material having a maximum emission wavelength of 610 run or more; a second green light-emitting layer containing a second green light-emitting material having a maximum emission wavelength in the spectrum between 460 nm and 610 nm; and a reflecting electrode. The maximum emission wavelength of the first green light-emitting material is located on a short wavelength side of the spectrum. The maximum emission wavelength of the second green light-emitting material is located on a long wavelength side of the spectrum.

Abstract: Provided is a method for efficiently producing sugar and simultaneously efficiently producing ethanol. A method for producing sugar characterized by comprising a pretreatment step in which a plant-origin sugar solution is fermented by a microorganism having no sucrose-degrading enzyme and a step for producing sugar from the fermented sugar solution. A method for producing sugar characterized by comprising a pretreatment step in which a plant-origin sugar solution is fermented by a microorganism in the presence of a sucrose-degrading enzyme inhibitor and a step for producing sugar from the fermented sugar solution.

Abstract: An illumination device includes an optical fiber holder configured to hold an optical fiber, a phosphor holder configured to hold a phosphor and faces the optical fiber holder, and a bonding material configured to intervene between the optical fiber holder and the phosphor holder to bond them. The illumination device includes adjustment guide members configured to intervene between the optical fiber holder and the phosphor holder, relatively positionally adjust the optical fiber holder and the phosphor holder so as to arrange an optical axis of the optical fiber and an optical axis of the phosphor on one line, and configured to prevent the optical fiber holder and the phosphor holder from tilting when the bonding material is cured.

Abstract: An optical device includes a light guide member, a holding member to hold the light guide member, an optical element to function according to light applied from the light guide member, a holder to hold the optical element, and an adhesive to join the holding member to the holder. The holding member and the holder are engaged with each other so that the optical element is placed on an optical axis of the light guide member. At least one of the holding member and the holder has a joint structure extending along the light guide member. The joint structure forms a gap to allow the adhesive to be easily injected between the holding member and the holder. The holding member and the holder are joined to each other with the adhesive injected into the gap.

Abstract: Provided is a method for efficiently producing sugar and simultaneously efficiently producing ethanol. A method for producing sugar characterized by comprising a pretreatment step in which a plant-origin sugar solution is fermented by a microorganism having no sucrose-degrading enzyme and a step for producing sugar from the fermented sugar solution. A method for producing sugar characterized by comprising a pretreatment step in which a plant-origin sugar solution is fermented by a microorganism in the presence of a sucrose-degrading enzyme inhibitor and a step for producing sugar from the fermented sugar solution.

Abstract: An electric power generation cell 1 is constituted by arranging a fuel electrode layer 4 on one side of a solid electrolyte layer 3 and an air electrode layer 2 on the other side of the solid electrolyte layer 3. The solid electrolyte layer 3 is constituted of an oxide ion conductor mainly composed of a lanthanum gallate based oxide. The fuel electrode layer 4 is constituted of a porous sintered compact having a highly dispersed network structure in which a skeletal structure formed of a consecutive array of metal grains is surrounded by mixed conductive oxide grains. For the air electrode layer 2, a porous sintered compact mainly composed of cobaltite is used. This configuration reduces the overpotentials of the respective electrodes and the IR loss of the solid electrolyte layer 3, and accordingly can actualize a solid oxide type fuel cell excellent in electric power generation efficiency.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a semiconductor chip includes a functional area at a desired position and a board mechanically and electrically joined to the semiconductor chip board, with the board layered over the semiconductor chip. An electronic device includes at least one first joint member that joins the semiconductor chip and the board to each other and a second joint member that joins the semiconductor chip and the board to each other.

Abstract: An electric power generation cell 1 is constituted by arranging a fuel electrode layer 4 on one side of a solid electrolyte layer 3 and an air electrode layer 2 on the other side of the solid electrolyte layer 3. The solid electrolyte layer 3 is constituted of an oxide ion conductor mainly composed of a lanthanum gallate based oxide. The fuel electrode layer 4 is constituted of a porous sintered compact having a highly dispersed network structure in which a skeletal structure formed of a consecutive array of metal grains is surrounded by mixed conductive oxide grains. For the air electrode layer 2, a porous sintered compact mainly composed of cobaltite is used. This configuration reduces the overpotentials of the respective electrodes and the IR loss of the solid electrolyte layer 3, and accordingly can actualize a solid oxide type fuel cell excellent in electric power generation efficiency.

Abstract: A micromirror device includes a first member, a second member, joining members joining the first and second members, and a spacer placed between the first and second members. The spacer includes a first surface in surface contact with the first member, a second surface parallel to the first surface and in surface contact with the second member, at least one first through hole, and second through holes, the first and second through holes extending between the first and second surfaces. The joining members include at least one first joining member accommodated in the first through hole and second joining members accommodated in the second through holes. The first through hole restrains movement of the first joining member in any direction parallel to the first and second surfaces. The second through holes allow movement of the second joining members in at least one direction parallel to the first and second surfaces.

Abstract: A deformable mirror includes a flexible thin film. A holding member holds the flexible thin film. An operating member is configured to be actuated as the flexible thin film bends. A film-side opposite electrode is disposed on the flexible thin film. Holding-member-side bonding pads are disposed individually in positions symmetrical with respect to a center point of the flexible thin film or to a straight line which passes through the center point. A board is disposed opposite the holding member. A board-side opposite electrode is disposed on the board so as to face the film-side opposite electrode. Board-side bonding pads are disposed on the board so as to face the holding-member-side bonding pads, individually. Intermediate members are sandwiched individually between the holding-member-side bonding pads and the board-side bonding pads.

Abstract: A mounting assembly for mounting a semiconductor device includes a package bonded to the semiconductor device via a bonding material, and a lid fixed to the package via a sealing member. A space is defined by the package, the lid and the sealing member to contain the semiconductor device, and is charged with a gas. The bonding area of the semiconductor device and the bonding material, and the bonding area of the package and the bonding material are each smaller than the total area of a lower surface of the semiconductor device.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing sugar and ethanol from sugar cane, in which almost all of energy to be consumed in the production processes of the sugar, the ethanol and the like can be supplied by the energy obtained by burning a pressed residue of sugar cane, yet without decreasing the sugar amount to be produced.

Abstract: An electric power generation cell 1 is constituted by arranging a fuel electrode layer 4 on one side of a solid electrolyte layer 3 and an air electrode layer 2 on the other side of the solid electrolyte layer 3. The solid electrolyte layer 3 is constituted of an oxide ion conductor mainly composed of a lanthanum gallate based oxide. The fuel electrode layer 4 is constituted of a porous sintered compact having a highly dispersed network structure in which a skeletal structure formed of a consecutive array of metal grains is surrounded by mixed conductive oxide grains. For the air electrode layer 2, a porous sintered compact mainly composed of cobaltite is used. This configuration reduces the overpotentials of the respective electrodes and the IR loss of the solid electrolyte layer 3, and accordingly can actualize a solid oxide type fuel cell excellent in electric power generation efficiency.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide composite ceramic powder containing composite ceramic particulates as constituent particulates. Each of the composite ceramic particulates is constituted of a group of first particles and a group of second particles in which the first particles are localized around the second particles. A spray pyrolysis is used to localize the first particles around the second particles, thereby producing such composite ceramic particulates.