Abstract: An optical device includes a first waveguide layer in which multiple-beam interference occurs, a second wavelength layer which includes a back surface facing the first waveguide layer and a front surface as a light output surface, and an outcoupling layer which is disposed on a back side of the second waveguide layer and faces the first wave guide layer, wherein the outcoupling layer includes a first portion as a layer with light transmission property and second portions which are dispersed in the first portion and differ in optical property from the first portion, and wherein an array of the second portions forms a triangular lattice.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic electroluminescent display device, comprising a light-transmitting insulating layer, an organic electroluminescent element including a back side electrode arranged on the back side of the light transmitting insulating layer, a light-transmitting front side electrode interposed between the light-transmitting insulating layer and the back side electrode, and an organic material layer interposed between the front side electrode and the back side electrode and containing a light-emitting layer, and a three-dimensional diffraction element of a two-layer structure arranged on the optical path guiding the light emitted from the light-emitting layer included in the organic material layer to reach the light-transmitting insulating layer, wherein the three-dimensional diffraction element has a cross-sectional structure of a specified dielectric modulation.

Abstract: A display includes a light-emitting element which includes a back electrode, a front electrode facing the back electrode, and an active layer interposed therebetween and including an emitting layer, and a light-scattering layer which is placed on a front side of the front electrode. The light-emitting element forms at least a portion of a microcavity structure. A forward-scattered light is greater in luminous energy than a back-scattered light when the light-scattering layer is irradiated with light from the microcavity structure.

Abstract: An organic EL display includes an organic EL element which includes first and second electrodes and an active layer interposed therebetween and including an emitting layer, and an outcoupling layer facing the first electrode. The organic EL element forms a waveguide layer which includes the first electrode and the active layer and in which light components from the emitting layer propagate in an in-plane direction while causing multiple-beam interference. A distance between the outcoupling layer and the waveguide layer is shorter than a wavelength of light from the organic EL element. A guide length x, a number of reflection m, an absorption coefficient ?, and an outcoupling efficiency ? satisfy a relationship represented by an inequality: ? ? ? M = 1 m ? ( 1 - ? ) M - 1 exp ? { ? ? ( 2 ? M - 1 ) ? x } > 0.1 .

Abstract: A top emission organic EL display includes an array substrate including an insulating substrate, organic EL elements which are arranged on a main surface of the insulating substrate, and an outcoupling layer which extracts light components propagating in in-plane direction while causing multiple-beam interference from the organic EL element to make the light components travel in front of the organic EL element, and a sealing substrate facing and spaced apart from the organic EL elements. The display forms an enclosed space filled with an inert gas or evacuated between the sealing substrate and an element portion of the array substrate corresponding to the organic EL element. A distance between the element portion and the sealing substrate is 100 nm or longer.

Abstract: A display includes an insulating substrate, a sealing member facing the insulating substrate, pixels interposed between the insulating substrate and the sealing member and each including a microcavity structure, wherein the microcavity structure includes a reflecting layer, a half mirror layer facing the reflecting layer, and a light source interposed between the reflecting layer and the half mirror layer, and a diffusion layer facing the half mirror layer.

Abstract: An organic EL display includes an organic EL element including a pair of electrodes and an emitting layer interposed therebetween and having an optical resonator structure, and a coloring layer facing the organic EL element. A wavelength ?res of a light component with the maximum intensity that the organic EL element emits in a normal direction is shorter than a wavelength at which the coloring layer exhibits the maximum transmittance.

Abstract: A display includes pixels each of which contains a light emitting element and which are arranged in a matrix form, a light transmitting insulating layer which includes a back surface facing the light emitting element and a front surface as a light output surface, a beam-condensing element which is arranged on a back side of the insulating layer and increases a directivity of light emitted by the light emitting element to make the light incident on the insulating layer, and a diffusing element which is arranged on a front side of the insulating layer, diffuses light from the insulating layer, and output the diffused light to an external environment.

Abstract: An organic EL display includes an insulating layer with light-transmission property, an organic EL element located on a back side of the insulating layer, a diffraction grating located on the back side of the insulating layer, and an optical film disposed on a front side of the insulating layer and including optically isotropic first portions and optically anisotropic second portions, the first and second portions forming boundaries inclined with respect to a main surface of the optical film.

Abstract: An optical device includes a first waveguide layer in which multiple-beam interference occurs, a second waveguide layer which includes a back surface facing the first waveguide layer and a front surface as a light output surface, and a diffraction grating which is arranged on a back side of the second waveguide layer and faces the first waveguide layer, wherein a grating constant of the diffraction grating is defined such that a first-order diffracted light emerges from the second waveguide layer, the first-order diffracted light being generated when a light component having a highest intensity of light which propagates in an in-plane direction while causing multiple reflection in the first waveguide layer enters the diffraction grating.

Abstract: An optical device includes a first waveguide layer in which multiple-beam interference occurs, a second wavelength layer which includes a back surface facing the first waveguide layer and a front surface as a light output surface, and an outcoupling layer which is disposed on a back side of the second waveguide layer and faces the first wave guide layer, wherein the outcoupling layer includes a first portion as a layer with light transmission property and second portions which are dispersed in the first portion and differ in optical property from the first portion, and wherein an array of the second portions forms a triangular lattice.