Abstract: A cutting tool comprising a base material and a coating disposed on the base material, wherein the coating comprises a hard particle layer; the hard particle layer is formed from a plurality of hard particles including titanium, silicon, carbon, and nitrogen; in the hard particles, a concentration of the silicon periodically changes along a first direction set in the hard particles; and an orientation of the hard particle layer is a (311) orientation.

Abstract: A cutting tool including's substrate and a coated film arranged on the substrate, in which the coated film includes a first layer positioned on the substrate, a second layer positioned on the first layer, the first layer is composed of ?-Al2O3, the second layer is composed of TiCN, a thickness of the second layer is 0.5 ?m or more and less than 2.0 ?m, and a residual stress X of the second layer is ?2.0 GPa or more and ?0.5 GPa or less.

Abstract: A cutting tool including a substrate and a coated film arranged on the substrate, in which the coated film includes a first layer positioned on the substrate, a second layer positioned on the first layer, the first layer is composed of ?-Al2O3, the second layer is composed of TiCN, a thickness of the second layer is 0.5 ?m or more and less than 2.0 ?m, and a residual stress X of the second layer is ?2.0 GPa or more and ?0.5 GPa or less.

Abstract: For example, a sensing circuit includes: an integrator configured to generate an analog output signal by integrating an analog input signal; an analog/digital converter configured to convert the analog output signal into a digital output signal; and a controller configured to discharge the analog output signal when, during an integration period of the integrator, the digital output signal reaches a first threshold value.

Abstract: A cutting tool comprising a base material and a coating disposed on the base material, wherein the coating comprises a hard particle layer; the hard particle layer is formed from a plurality of hard particles including titanium, silicon, carbon, and nitrogen; in the hard particles, a concentration of the silicon periodically changes along a first direction set in the hard particles; and an orientation of the hard particle layer is a (220) orientation.

Abstract: A cutting tool comprising a base material and a coating disposed on the base material, wherein the coating comprises a hard particle layer, the hard particle layer is formed from a plurality of hard particles including titanium, silicon, carbon, and nitrogen; in the hard particles, a concentration of the silicon periodically changes along a first direction set in the hard particles; and an orientation of the hard particle layer is a (422) orientation.

Abstract: A sealing device which seals an annular gap between a shaft and a housing that relatively rotate, wherein a first seal in slidable contact with an outer peripheral surface of the shaft in a state where an inner-peripheral end side is deformed so as to be curved toward a sealing-target region side with insertion of the shaft is provided, and in the region sliding on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft in the first seal, a pair of screw pump grooves are provided that extend from a position away from an end part on the sealing-target region side toward an opposite side to the sealing-target region side, and an interval between the pair of screw pump grooves or screw pump projections is narrowed as they go toward the opposite side.

Abstract: A cutting tool comprising a base material and a coating, wherein the coating comprises a hard particle layer, the hard particle comprises a multilayer structure in which a first unit layer formed from a first compound and a second unit layer from a second compound are alternately stacked, each of the first compound and the second compound consists of one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of a periodic table group 4 element, a periodic table group 5 element, and a periodic table group 6 element, silicon, and one or more elements selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, boron, and oxygen, and a percentage of the number of atoms of the silicon to a sum of the numbers of atoms of the metal element and the silicon in the first unit layer is different from that in the second unit layer.

Abstract: A cutting tool comprising a base material and a coating disposed on the base material, wherein the coating comprises a hard particle layer; the hard particle layer is formed from a plurality of hard particles including titanium, silicon, carbon, and nitrogen; in the hard particles, a concentration of the silicon periodically changes along a first direction set in the hard particles; and an orientation of the hard particle layer is a (311) orientation.

Abstract: A cutting tool includes a substrate and a coating film, wherein the coating film has a first layer formed from a plurality of hard grains, the hard grains are made of TiSiCN having a cubic crystal structure, the hard grains have a lamellar structure in which a layer having a relatively high silicon concentration and a layer having a relatively low silicon concentration are alternately stacked, and a maximum value of percentage of number ASi of silicon atoms to a sum of the number ASi of silicon atoms and number ATi of titanium atoms in a grain boundary region between the hard grains, {ASi/(ASi+ATi)}×100, is larger than an average value of percentage of number BSi of silicon atoms to a sum of the number BSi of silicon atoms and number BTi of titanium atoms in the first layer, {BSi/(BSi+BTi)}×100.

Abstract: A cutting tool includes a substrate and a coating film, wherein the coating film has a first layer formed from a plurality of hard grains, the hard grains are made of TiSiCN having a cubic crystal structure, the hard grains have a lamellar structure in which a layer having a relatively high silicon concentration and a layer having a relatively low silicon concentration are alternately stacked, and a maximum value of percentage of number ASi of silicon atoms to a sum of the number ASi of silicon atoms and number ATi of titanium atoms in a grain boundary region between the hard grains, {ASi/(ASi+ATi)}×100, is larger than an average value of percentage of number BSi of silicon atoms to a sum of the number BSi of silicon atoms and number BTi of titanium atoms in the first layer, {BSi/(BSi+BTi)}×100.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool includes a base material and a coating formed on a surface of the base material. The coating includes a first hard coating layer including crystal grains having a sodium chloride-type crystal structure. The crystal grain has a layered structure in which a first layer composed of nitride or carbonitride of AlxTi1-x and a second layer composed of nitride or carbonitride of AlyTi1-y are stacked alternately into one or more layers. The first layer each has an atomic ratio x of Al varying in a range of 0.6 or more to less than 1. The second layer each has an atomic ratio y of Al varying in a range of 0.45 or more to less than 0.6. The largest value of difference between the atomic ratio x and the atomic ratio y is 0.05?x?y?0.5.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool includes a base material and a coating covering the base material. The base material includes a rake face and a flank face. The coating includes a TiCN layer. The TiCN layer has a (422) orientation in a region d1 in the rake face. The TiCN layer has a (311) orientation in a region d2 in the flank face.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool includes a base material and a coating covering the base material. The base material includes a rake face and a flank face. The coating includes a TiCN layer. The TiCN layer has a (311) orientation in a region d1 in the rake face. The TiCN layer has a (422) orientation in a region d2 in the flank face.

Abstract: A cutting tool includes: a substrate including a rake face; and a coating film that coats the rake face, wherein the coating film includes an ?-Al2O3 layer disposed on the substrate, the ?-Al2O3 layer includes crystal grains of ?-Al2O3, an area ratio of crystal grains oriented in (001) among the crystal grains is 50% to 90% in the ?-Al2O3 layer at the rake face, and a film residual stress AA determined based on a crystal plane interval of a (001) plane of the ?-Al2O3 layer at the rake face is more than 0 MPa and less than or equal to 2000 MPa, and a film residual stress BA determined based on a crystal plane interval of a (110) plane of the ?-Al2O3 layer at the rake face is more than or equal to ?1000 MPa and less than 0 MPa.

Abstract: A cutting tool includes: a substrate including a rake face; and a coating film that coats the rake face, wherein the coating film includes an ?-Al2O3 layer disposed on the substrate, the ?-Al2O3 layer includes crystal grains of ?-Al2O3, an area ratio of crystal grains oriented in (001) among the crystal grains is 50% to 90% in the ?-Al2O3 layer at the rake face, a film residual stress AA determined based on a crystal plane interval of a (001) plane of the ?-Al2O3 layer at the rake face is more than or equal to ?1000 MPa and less than 0 MPa, and a film residual stress BA determined based on a crystal plane interval of a (110) plane of the ?-Al2O3 layer at the rake face is more than or equal to ?1000 MPa and less than 0 MPa, and a relational expression of |AA|?|BA| is satisfied.

Abstract: A cutting tool includes a base material. The base material is a cemented carbide or a cermet. A surface of the base material includes a rake face, a flank face, and a cutting edge face connecting the rake face to the flank face. The base material has an oxygen concentration of less than or equal to 1 at. % at a depth position of 0.4 ?m from the cutting edge face.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool having a rake face and a flank face includes a base material and a coating formed on the base material. The base material is a cemented carbide or a cermet. The coating includes an aluminum oxide layer containing a plurality of aluminum oxide crystal grains. The aluminum oxide layer includes: a first region made up of a region A on the rake face and a region B on the flank face; a second region on the rake face except for the region A; and a third region on the flank face except for the region B. The aluminum oxide layer satisfies a relation: b?a>0.5, where a is an average value of TC(110) in the first region in texture coefficient TC(hkl), and b is an average value of TC(110) in the second or third region in texture coefficient TC(hkl).

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool has a rake face and a flank face, and includes a base material and a coating formed on the base material. The base material has a cutting edge face connecting the rake face to the flank face. The coating includes an aluminum oxide layer containing a plurality of aluminum oxide crystal grains. The aluminum oxide layer includes: a first region made up of a region A on the rake face and a region B on the flank face; a second region on the rake face except for the region A; and a third region on the flank face except for the region B. The aluminum oxide layer satisfies a relation: b?a>0.5, where a is an average value of TC(006) in the first region in texture coefficient TC(hkl), and b is an average value of TC(006) in the second or third region in texture coefficient TC(hkl).

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool includes a base material and a coating formed on the base material. The base material is a cemented carbide or a cermet. A surface of the base material includes a rake face, a flank face, and a cutting edge face connecting the rake face to the flank face. The base material has an oxygen concentration of less than or equal to 1 at. % at a depth position of 0.4 ?m from the cutting edge face. The coating includes a hard layer. A topmost layer in the hard layer has a compressive stress of more than or equal to 1.5 GPa in absolute value.