Abstract: A NAND flash memory has memory cell transistors which data is written into. If number of times the program operation has been executed is not equal to the prescribed upper limit number of times, then the program voltage is set so as to be raised by a first potential difference and then the program operation and the verify operation are executed again, and only when the number of times of the program operation has become equal to a prescribed number of times being less than the upper limit number of times, the intermediate voltage is raised by a second potential difference and fixed.

Abstract: In a DVD-R on which information is to be recorded by an information recording apparatus, prior to the recording of the information therein, there are recorded in advance at least identification information for identifying the information recording apparatus for recording the information onto the DVD-R, and recording parameter information containing optimization information for optimizing a recording state in the record processing executed by the information recording apparatus specified by the identification information. Furthermore, the information recording apparatus reads the recording parameter information at the execution of record processing to use it for the record processing.

Abstract: In a DVD-R on which information is to be recorded by an information recording apparatus, prior to the recording of the information therein, there are recorded in advance at least identification information for identifying the information recording apparatus for recording the information onto the DVD-R, and recording parameter information containing optimization information for optimizing a recording state in the record processing executed by the information recording apparatus specified by the identification information. Furthermore, the information recording apparatus reads the recording parameter information at the execution of record processing to use it for the record processing.

Abstract: In a DVD-R on which information is to be recorded by an information recording apparatus, prior to the recording of the information therein, there are recorded in advance at least identification information for identifying the information recording apparatus for recording the information onto the DVD-R, and recording parameter information containing optimization information for optimizing a recording state in the record processing executed by the information recording apparatus specified by the identification information. Furthermore, the information recording apparatus reads the recording parameter information at the execution of record processing to use it for the record processing.

Abstract: A pickup device has various controlled elements such as a light source and a sensor which need to be electrically controlled. The controlled elements are connected with an in-pickup control element via internal signal lines and are controlled by control signals supplied from the in-pickup control element. The in-pickup control element is connected with an external microcomputer via a connector and an external signal line and receives a control signal or the like from the microcomputer. With this structure, the controlled elements in the pickup device are basically controlled, not by the external microcomputer, but by the in-pickup control element. Therefore, the signal lines for supplying the control signals to the controlled elements can be short signal lines only in the pickup.

Abstract: In a pickup device used for a drive apparatus of an optical disc, a storage element is provided. The storage element stores individual characteristic information associated with the pickup device. For example, the storage element stores the individual characteristic information associated with the level of the recording light waveform which is output from the LD provided in the pickup device. In recording information, the microcomputer in the drive apparatus obtains the individual characteristic information from the storage element in the pickup device and executes information recording by using an optimum write strategy determined in consideration of the individual characteristic information. Accordingly, the difference in characteristics of pickup devices is removed, and improvement and stabilization of the recording characteristic can be realized.

Abstract: In a DVD-R on which information is to be recorded by an information recording apparatus, prior to the recording of the information therein, there are recorded in advance at least identification information for identifying the information recording apparatus for recording the information onto the DVD-R, and recording parameter information containing optimization information for optimizing a recording state in the record processing executed by the information recording apparatus specified by the identification information. Furthermore, the information recording apparatus reads the recording parameter information at the execution of record processing to use it for the record processing.

Abstract: A digital information recording apparatus (S) has a power control circuit 11 provided with: a wave form recognizing device (31) for recognizing a type of a pulse wave form of digital information; a conversion ratio memory device (32) for storing a plurality of wave form conversion ratios, which are set in advance for each of standard clocks of the digital information and which correspond to a plurality of types of pulse wave forms of the digital information, and outputting one of the stored wave form conversion ratios which corresponds to the recognized type of the pulse wave form; a voltage converting device (34, 35) for converting the outputted wave form conversion ratio to an analog voltage value; a generating device (42, 43) for generating a saw-toothed signal which has a saw-toothed wave form for each of the standard clocks; a comparing device (44, 45) for comparing the converted analog voltage value with a value of the saw-toothed wave form of the generated saw-toothed signal, and outputting a digital c

Abstract: A rewritable recording medium and a recording method wherein a train of clock pulses for PLL synchronization, which is to be inserted in a sync pulse interval consisting of at least one horizontal scan period and different from the vertical blanking period of a video format signal, is subjected to biphase modulation with a time code and is recorded, by the superimposition on the video format signal, on the recording medium. According to the second aspect, in a rewritable recording medium having pregrooves, lands serve as record tracks, and odd track numbers and even track numbers are respectively recorded in odd track number areas and even track number areas in each sector of the pregrooves, so that in writing data or reading data from an odd or even track, a corresponding odd or even track number can be obtained.

Abstract: A rotary video head type information recording/reproducing apparatus in which a video tape runs while being in contact with a stationary head at the time of fast-feeding/rewinding of the video tape. In recording/reproducing operation of the information recording/reproducing apparatus, a one-scene picture is extracted at intervals of a predetermined period from a picture signal and the extracted picture is recorded on the video tape by the stationary head in synchronism with the picture signal. When it is desired to perform a picture search, a still picture which changes at intervals of the predetermined period can be reproduced on a picture screen of a display only by performing the fast-feeding/rewinding operation. Accordingly, an operator can perform search for a desired picture at a high speed by referring to the timing of change of the still picture actually displayed on the picture screen.

Abstract: A video tape recording and reproducing device and a related method having a recording and a reproducing mode including a plurality of tuners for concomitantly receiving a plurality of television programs and generating a plurality of respective recording signals when in the recording mode, mixing means for producing a mixed recording signal responsive to the plurality of generated recording signals, recording means for recording the mixed recording signal on a video tape, reading means for reading the mixed recording signal from the video tape when in the reproducing mode, separating means for reproducing a selected recording signal from the mixed recording signal, and means for outputting the reproduced selected recording signal to an external device for producing the corresponding television program.

Abstract: For recording and reproducing analog audio signals by a pulse-code modulation scheme so as to permit effective compensation for dropout errors, an incoming audio signal is sampled, and the analog samples are converted into a sequence of coded pulse groups or words. These words are grouped into successive notional blocks, and the odd and the even words, for example, of each block are divided into sub-blocks, as by sequentially writing the words of each block in successive storage locations in a memory and by retrieving the odd, and then the even, words from the memory. The sub-blocks of the successive word blocks are recorded in different regions on a recording medium such as magnetic tape. After being reconverted into an electrical signal from the recording medium, the words of the sub-blocks of each block are rearranged into the original order, as by use of a second memory, prior to the reconstruction of the analog audio signal.