Abstract: A method includes receiving interaction data indicating a performance of a specified action by a user of a user device, identifying a last-in-time action associated with the user and an initiation action associated with the user and the specified action, generating, based on the identified last-in-time and initiation actions, a first attribution associated with the identified last-in-time action and the specified action and a second, additional attribution associated with the identified initiation action and the specified action, propagating, to two or more different models, the first attribution and the second, additional attribution, and generating, based on the first attribution and the second, additional attribution, one or more visual representations of the first attribution and the second, additional attribution.

Abstract: A method including receiving, from a device, interaction data associated with an event including a first identifier, identifying a second identifier associated with the first identifier, identifying one or more previous interactions associated with the first identifier or the second identifier, annotating the interaction data based on the identified one or more previous interactions, wherein the annotation indicates a preference for previous interactions associated with the first identifier or previous interactions associated with the second identifier, and transmitting an indication that the event is associated with one or more of the previous interactions, wherein the one or more previous interactions are determined based on the preference indicated by the annotation.

Abstract: A method includes receiving interaction data indicating a performance of a specified action by a user of a user device, identifying a last-in-time action associated with the user and an initiation action associated with the user and the specified action, generating, based on the identified last-in-time and initiation actions, a first attribution associated with the identified last-in-time action and the specified action and a second, additional attribution associated with the identified initiation action and the specified action, propagating, to two or more different models, the first attribution and the second, additional attribution, and generating, based on the first attribution and the second, additional attribution, one or more visual representations of the first attribution and the second, additional attribution.

Abstract: According to an aspect, a method includes executing a first application as a foreground process of an operating system of a computing device, and displaying, by the first application, content on a display of the computing device, where the content is associated with an action executable by a second application. The method includes transmitting, by the first application, an initialization request to an initialization application programming interface (API) of the second application in advance of a user action taken with respect to the content displayed on the display, where the initialization request is configured to cause the second application to be launched as a background process of the operating system of the computing device.

Abstract: A method includes receiving interaction data indicating a performance of a specified action by a user of a user device, identifying a last-in-time action associated with the user and an initiation action associated with the user and the specified action, generating, based on the identified last-in-time and initiation actions, a first attribution associated with the identified last-in-time action and the specified action and a second, additional attribution associated with the identified initiation action and the specified action, propagating, to two or more different models, the first attribution and the second, additional attribution, and generating, based on the first attribution and the second, additional attribution, one or more visual representations of the first attribution and the second, additional attribution.

Abstract: A method including receiving, from a device, interaction data associated with an event including a first identifier, identifying a second identifier associated with the first identifier, identifying one or more previous interactions associated with the first identifier or the second identifier, annotating the interaction data based on the identified one or more previous interactions, wherein the annotation indicates a preference for previous interactions associated with the first identifier or previous interactions associated with the second identifier, and transmitting an indication that the event is associated with one or more of the previous interactions, wherein the one or more previous interactions are determined based on the preference indicated by the annotation.