Abstract: A hardware configuration, a general packet radio services support node (GSN) and method for implementing general packet radio services over a global system for mobile communications network is provided. The hardware configuration comprises a plurality of electronic boards which provide the GPRS functionality. An internal bus, preferably CPCI, provides intra-configuration communications while a ATM bus provides communications to an external circuit. The GSN comprises a single board computer for providing general packet radio services functionality which is required for each call being serviced and a line card processor for providing general packet radio services functionality which is required for each packet being serviced. The GSN may function as a SGSN, GGSN or both.

Abstract: The Impedance Multiplication-Division Operators are made up of non-reciprocal network elements, each of which produces an input impedance that is related to the multiplication-division of its load impedances. The Impedance Multiplication-Division Operator can be implemented in a number of embodiments, such as the Positive Impedance Multiplication-Division Operator which produces a new non-reciprocal (n+1)-port, n?4, network element which has the distinguishing property that if three 2-terminal impedances, Z2(s), Z3(s), and Z4(s) are connected at ports 2, 3 and 4 of a 1PIMDOR2,43, the input impedance offered by this loaded 4-port at port 1 is Z(1)(s)=Z2?1(s)Z3(s)Z4?1(s).

Abstract: The Impedance Product Operator can be implemented in a number of embodiments to produce a new non-reciprocal (n+1)-port network element with the distinguishing property that if n 2-termial impedances, Z2, . . . Zn+1 are connected at ports 2, . . . , n+1 of an Impedance Product Operator, the input impedance offered by this loaded multi-port at port 1 is Z ( 1 ) = ? k = 2 n + 1 ? ? Z k . As a single network element, the Impedance Product Operator offers a direct yet general mechanism for multiplication of 2-terminal impedance functions. This network element allows simpler and more direct synthesis of driving point impedance functions.

Abstract: A line card for supporting both circuit switching and packet switching is provided. The line card interfaces asynchronous communications and synchronous communications using a ATM switch and a Synchronous to Asynchronous Converter-Time Slot Interchange (SAC-TSI) that allows TDM traffic to be routed into the ATM fabric of the ATM switch. The line card supports video, voice and data communications. The line card further supports ATM, ethernet and frame relay communications.

Abstract: A hardware configuration, a general packet radio services support node (GSN) and method for implementing general packet radio services over a global system for mobile communications network is provided. The hardware configuration comprises a plurality of electronic boards which provide the GPRS functionality. An internal bus, preferably CPCI, provides intra-configuration communications while a ATM bus provides communications to an external circuit. The GSN comprises a single board computer for providing general packet radio services functionality which is required for each call being serviced and a line card processor for providing general packet radio services functionality which is required for each packet being serviced. The GSN may function as a SGSN, GGSN or both.

Abstract: The Impedance Multiplication-Division Operators comprise non-reciprocal network elements, each of which produces an input impedance that is related to the multiplication-division of its load impedances. The Impedance Multiplication-Division Operator can be implemented in a number of embodiments, such as the Positive Impedance Multiplication-Division Operator which produces a new non-reciprocal (n+1)-port, n≧4, network element which has the distinguishing property that if three 2-terminal impedances, Z2(s), Z3(s), and Z4(s) are connected at ports 2, 3 and 4 of a 1PIMDOR2,43, the input impedance offered by this loaded 4-port at port 1 is Z(1)(s)=Z2−1(s)Z3(s)Z4−1(s).

Abstract: The Impedance Product Operator can be implemented in a number of embodiments to produce a new non-reciprocal (n+1)-port network element with the distinguishing property that if n 2-termial impedances, Z2, . . . Zn+1 are connected at ports 2, . . . , n+1 of an Impedance Product Operator, the input impedance offered by this loaded multi-port at port 1 is 1 Z ( 1 ) = ∏ k = 2 n + 1 ⁢   ⁢ Z k .

Abstract: A hardware configuration, a general packet radio services support node (GSN) and method for implementing general packet radio services over a global system for mobile communications network is provided. The hardware configuration comprises a plurality of electronic boards which provide the GPRS functionality. An internal bus, preferably CPCI, provides intra-configuration communications while a ATM bus provides communications to an external circuit. The GSN comprises a single board computer for providing general packet radio services functionality which is required for each call being serviced and a line card processor for providing general packet radio services functionality which is required for each packet being serviced. The GSN may function as a SGSN, GGSN or both.

Abstract: A telecommunication network including one or more personal communication networks with a conference bridge for making voice conference connections between some of a plurality of mobile telephones associated with a personal communication network having a plurality of mobile subnetworks respectively for providing mobile telephone service to the plurality of mobile telephones as well as with fixed-location or non-mobile telephones associated with a Public Switched Telephone Network switching center provided with a disconnection voice conferencing system that detects disconnection of a communication link between any one of the mobile telephones and the communications bridge, distinguishes between an intentional disconnection and accidental disconnection of the one mobile telephone, and if the disconnection is determined to have been unintentional, automatically establishes reconnection of the communication link.