Abstract: A process for producing fructose sweetened cereal products by enzymatically converting a portion of the cellulose fraction in a cereal comprising cereal; fiber to fructose using cellulase and glucose isomerase is claimed. The process may be carried out at moisture contents exceeding 25% (w/w) and moisture contents between about 40% to 80% are preferred.

Abstract: Breakfast cereals are sweetened by treating cereal grains or at least one cereal grain fraction such as bran, with enzymes comprising glucoamylase and glucose isomerase to produce fructose while retaining cereal particle discreteness or integrity. Enzymatic treatment with alpha-amylase may be initiated prior to, during, or after cooking. The enzymatically treated, cooked cereal grains are formed into breakfast cereal shapes and the enzymes are inactivated to provide a shelf-stable cereal product. The cereal products exhibit a sweet, pleasing complex-honey-like taste and aroma. Producing fructose provides a greater level of sweetness for a given amount of starch conversion into low molecular weight reducing sugars such as mono- and di-saccharides. In achieving a given level of sweetness, more starch or high molecular weight dextrins may be retained for their matrix forming ability or for improved machineability of the enzymatically treated cereal grains into breakfast cereal shapes.

Abstract: A method is provided for the production of vicinal heterogeneous dihalogenated products from alkenes and alkynes. The alkene or alkyne is reacted in an aqueous solution of salts of two different halides, an oxidizing agent and an halogenating enzyme. Products provided by the method include novel 2,3-heterogeneously dihalogenated-1,4-butanediols.

Abstract: A process for producing wax esters having the general structural formula RCO.sub.2 R', where R and R' are radicals selected from the group consisting of CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.a CH.dbd.CH(CH.sub.2).sub.b - and CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.c - where a+b=12-14 for R and 13-15 for R' and where c=14-16 for R and 15-17 for R'. The method includes aerobically incubating a culture of microorganisms of the genus Acinetobacter species HO1-N, in an aqueous mineral salts solution containing ethanol as a primary food source. Incubation is performed at a temperature known to produce a desired percentage of diene, monoene and saturated R and R' moieties in the mixture.

Abstract: A method is described for the manufacture of commercially useful alpha-halo and alpha-dihalo ketones and aldehydes from alkynes by enzymatic reaction. The alkyne is acted upon in a reaction mixture comprising a halogenating enzyme, an oxidizing agent, and a halide ion source.

Abstract: A method is described for the manufacture of aldehydes from primary alcohols by enzymatic reaction. The aldehydes are produced by contacting a primary alcohol with a reaction mixture consisting of chloroperoxidase and hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: A method is described for the manufacture of vicinal dihalogenated products from alkenes and alkynes by enzymatic reaction. The respective alkene or alkyne is contacted with a reaction mixture consisting of halogenating enzyme, an oxidizing agent and a halide ion source.

Abstract: A process is described for the production of D-glucosone from glucose. An aqueous solution of glucose is converted substantially completely to D-glucosone by an enzymatic oxidation while removing or utilizing co-produced hydrogen peroxide. D-glucosone is a useful intermediate product which may then be converted to a desired end product.

Abstract: A method is described for the manufacture of wax esters from saturated hydrocarbons by the metabolic action of microorganisms. These wax esters contain either 0, 1 or 2 internally located carbon-carbon double bonds, with no more than 1 carbon-carbon double bond being in the fatty acid or the fatty alcohol segments. These wax esters are chemically similar to the wax esters of sperm whale oil and jojoba oil, and are useful as lubricants and lubricant additives, for example. They also are a ready source of industrially important mono-ene fatty acids and fatty alcohols, when saponified.

Abstract: A process is described which is useful as a co-process in combination with a process which employs hydrogen peroxide. The process of the invention provides a source of hydrogen peroxide along with a useful co-product, that co-product being 2-keto-D-gluconic acid or products derived therefrom. One of the first and second carbons of D-glucose is oxidized enzymatically to produce hydrogen peroxide and an intermediate product. The other of the first and second carbons of the intermediate product is then oxidized enzymatically to produce hydrogen peroxide and 2-keto-D-gluconic acid. In one form of the invention, the intermediate product is D-glucosone; the final product is 2-keto-D-gluconic acid. In the other form of the invention, the intermediate product is D-glucono-.delta.-lactone; the final product is a mixture of 2-keto-D-gluconic acid and D-isoascorbic acid.

Abstract: Epoxides or glycols are produced by passing a gaseous olefin through a reaction mixture containing a halogenating enzyme, an oxidizing agent and a halide ion source whereby the olefin is converted to a halohydrin. The halohydrin is converted to an epoxide which may be converted by hydration to a glycol. Conversion of the halohydrin to an epoxide may be carried out enzymatically.

Abstract: This invention relates to the production of iodine. More particularly, the invention relates to the enzymatic oxidation of iodide to iodine and the recovery of said formed iodine.

Abstract: A method is described for the manufacture of epoxides or glycols from olefins. An olefin is contacted with a reaction mixture of a halogenating enzyme, an oxydizing agent and a halide ion source, for a sufficient period to convert the olefin to a halohydrin. The halohydrin is then converted to an epoxide or glycol.

Abstract: A process is described for the production of fructose from glucose. An aqueous solution of glucose is converted to D-glucosone by an enzymatic process. D-glucosone is then converted to substantially pure fructose by chemical hydrogenation. Fructose may be recovered in crystalline form.