Abstract: The disclosure provides a polishing apparatus capable of removing a polishing liquid or polishing debris from a light passing portion of a polishing pad. A polishing apparatus 1 includes a polishing table 3 supporting a polishing pad 2 that has a light passing portion 33; a polishing head 5 pressing a substrate W against a polishing surface 2a of the polishing pad 2; an optical sensor 21 disposed in the polishing table 3, irradiating light to the substrate W through the light passing portion 33, and receiving reflected light from the substrate W through the light passing portion 33; and a cleaning portion 12 forming a cleaning space CS that covers the light passing portion 33 above the light passing portion 33 and supplying a cleaning fluid to the light passing portion 33 through the cleaning space CS.

Abstract: An implantable biosensor may be placed subcutaneously to monitor the concentration of an analyte in a body fluid. The biosensor may include an electrochemical cell and an antenna. The components of the biosensor, including the electrochemical cell and the antenna, may be disposed on a same substrate. The electrochemical cell may include multiple electrodes for performing electrochemical measurements that include a first measurement of the analyte concentration in the body fluid, a second measurement of a background interference present in the body fluid, and a third measurement of a pH level within the body fluid. The antenna may receive, from a transceiver, radio frequency (RF) waves for wirelessly powering the implantable biosensor. The antenna may further transmit, back to the transceiver, a backscatter signal encoding a result of the electrochemical measurements.

Abstract: A downhole tool and a method for operating the downhole tool are disclosed. A first power signal is supplied to the downhole tool from a power source at a first frequency. A bidirectional chopper at the downhole tool chops the first power signal to generate a second power signal having a second frequency greater than the first frequency. The second power signal is used to operate the downhole tool.

Abstract: An implantable biosensor may be placed subcutaneously to monitor the concentration of an analyte in a body fluid. The biosensor may include an electrochemical cell and an antenna. The components of the biosensor, including the electrochemical cell and the antenna, may be disposed on a same substrate. The electrochemical cell may include multiple electrodes for performing electrochemical measurements that include a first measurement of the analyte concentration in the body fluid, a second measurement of a background interference present in the body fluid, and a third measurement of a pH level within the body fluid. The antenna may receive, from a transceiver, radio frequency (RF) waves for wirelessly powering the implantable biosensor. The antenna may further transmit, back to the transceiver, a backscatter signal encoding a result of the electrochemical measurements.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatus for bit packing data having various bit widths in a computer system. The methods and apparatus utilize a fixed bit packing or unpacking network that is configured to pack or unpack data bits of a number of different bit widths from a first number of bit locations to a second number of bit locations in the computer system. The network is specifically configured to pack bits stored in a same bit slot position in respective bit locations of the first number of bit locations by routing the bits into bit slots of a same bit location in the second number of bit locations to form bit bundles in respective ones of the second number of bit locations. Use of a fixed packing network affords optimal matching of bit width to an application that minimizes cost, area, and power, as well as decreasing or minimizing latency.

Abstract: A downhole tool and a method for operating the downhole tool are disclosed. A first power signal is supplied to the downhole tool from a power source at a first frequency. A bidirectional chopper at the downhole tool chops the first power signal to generate a second power signal having a second frequency greater than the first frequency. The second power signal is used to operate the downhole tool.

Abstract: This disclosure describes, in one embodiment, a system that includes a block storage and virtual machine (VM) manager to identify one or more storage node(s) that meet at least one policy constraint and to select a storage node with capacity from the one or more storage node(s) that meets all of the at least one policy constraints, the at least one policy constraint related to a respective geolocation of each of the identified storage node(s).