Abstract: An oxy:fuel melting furnace (2) comprising a rotatable furnace body (4), a normally stationary non-rotatable furnace roof (6) for fitting on the furnace body (4), dynamic sealing means (8) for dynamically sealing the furnace roof (6) on the furnace body (4) such that the furnace body (4) can rotate with respect to the furnace roof (6), tiltable support means (10) for supporting the furnace body (4) such that tilting of the support means (10) causes tilting of the furnace body (4) for tapping and slagging, moving means for moving the furnace roof (6) up and down with respect to the furnace body (4), heating means (12) which is mounted on the furnace roof (6) and which is for providing heat for the melting of material such as scrap steel and ore, and a pre-heater means (14) for pre-heating the material prior to its introduction into the furnace body (4), and the oxy:fuel melting furnace being such that at least one of the heating means and the pre-heating means is such that it burns oxy:fuel.