Abstract: A core intersection in an optical waveguide formed of a plurality of cores and a clad that surrounds the cores is disclosed, the structure characterized in that the same material as that of the cores is added to two planes, upper and lower planes, of each of core intersection spaces where the plurality of cores intersect (instead of using a clad material). The structure of a core intersection in an optical waveguide formed of a plurality of cores and a clad is disclosed, the structure characterized in that four planes that divide (isolate) each of core intersection spaces where the plurality of cores intersect, that is, four discontinuity spaces between the core intersection space and the cores connected thereto, are filled with the same material as that of the clad (instead of using a core material so that the core intersection space is seamlessly connected to surrounding core intersection spaces).

Abstract: A core intersection in an optical waveguide formed of a plurality of cores and a clad that surrounds the cores is disclosed, the structure characterized in that the same material as that of the cores is added to two planes, upper and lower planes, of each of core intersection spaces where the plurality of cores intersect (instead of using a clad material). The structure of a core intersection in an optical waveguide formed of a plurality of cores and a clad is disclosed, the structure characterized in that four planes that divide (isolate) each of core intersection spaces where the plurality of cores intersect, that is, four discontinuity spaces between the core intersection space and the cores connected thereto, are filled with the same material as that of the clad (instead of using a core material so that the core intersection space is seamlessly connected to surrounding core intersection spaces).

Abstract: A method and apparatus to optimally design the layout of a plurality of optical waveguides in a case where one or more crossings occur due to a planar configuration of optical waveguides. Embodiments include a plurality of default routes are set for all of a plurality of waveguides so that each of a plurality of waveguides bundled at an input end is split into two or more waveguides, one split waveguide, together with another split waveguide, forms one or more crossings, and a plurality of split waveguides are bundled at least two separate places at an output end. The number of crossings existing on each of the routes is counted. The default value (splitting ratio) of the cross section (thickness and shape) of each of one waveguide and a plurality of waveguides split from the one waveguide is set on the basis of the counted number of crossings.

Abstract: A prism sheet, including a reflective surface having a first side formed by at least a small curvature surface and a surface different from the small curvature surface, and a second side formed by a planar surface.

Abstract: A prism sheet changes a direction of light propagation by reflecting light launched with an intensity distribution of a predetermined angle range wherein: a reflective surface for perfect reflection of light includes a higher order surface constructed by at least a small curvature surface and a surface different from the small curvature surface.

Abstract: [Objective] Providing a prism sheet, a back-light unit using the prism sheet, and a transmission type liquid crystal display device. [Means to Solve Problems] The prism sheet according to the present invention is the prism sheet 10 for changing a direction of light propagation by reflecting light L launched with an intensity distribution of a predetermined angle range wherein: a reflective surface for perfect reflection of light L comprises a higher order surface 18 constructed by at least a small curvature surface and a surface different from the small curvature surface. Further, the present invention provides the back-light unit comprising the above-described prism sheet and the transmission type liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: [Objective] Providing a prism sheet, a back-light unit using the prism sheet, and a transmission type liquid crystal display device. [Means to Solve Problems] The prism sheet according to the present invention is the prism sheet 10 for changing a direction of light propagation by reflecting light L launched with an intensity distribution of a predetermined angle range wherein: a reflective surface for perfect reflection of light L comprises a higher order surface 18 constructed by at least a small curvature surface and a surface different from the small curvature surface. Further, the present invention provides the back-light unit comprising the above-described prism sheet and the transmission type liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode display device includes a plurality of organic light emitting diode elements that are arranged in a matrix; a plurality of protective layers, each of the protective layers covering at least one of the organic light emitting diode elements; and a stress relaxation layer that is formed between the protective layers, for relaxing a stress caused by the protective layers. The stress relaxation layer may surround the protective layer. Moreover, the stress relaxation layer may be made of a shading material, and serve as a mask for forming the organic light emitting diode elements.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode display device includes a plurality of organic light emitting diode elements that are arranged in a matrix; a plurality of protective layers, each of the protective layers covering at least one of the organic light emitting diode elements; and a stress relaxation layer that is formed between the protective layers, for relaxing a stress caused by the protective layers. The stress relaxation layer may surround the protective layer. Moreover, the stress relaxation layer may be made of a shading material, and serve as a mask for forming the organic light emitting diode elements.

Abstract: An OLED display 10 comprises: a device substrate 12; a plurality of OLED devices 14 which are arranged in the form of a matrix on the device substrate 12; a rib 16 which is provided on the device substrate 12 in such a manner that the rib 16 encloses the respective OLED devices 14; an encapsulation substrate 18 which is placed opposite to the device substrate 12 and which is brought into intimate contact with the rib 16; and a sealant 20 which is provided between a marginal area of the device substrate 12 and a marginal area of the encapsulation substrate 18 so as to encapsulate both the OLED devices 14 and the rib 16.

Abstract: An OLED display 10 of the present invention comprises: a device substrate 12; an OLED device 14 formed on a surface of the device substrate 12; an encapsulation substrate 22 which is placed opposite to the device substrate 12 and through which light emitted from the OLED device 14 passes; a sealant 24 which is provided between a marginal area of the device substrate 12 and a marginal area of the encapsulation substrate 22 for encapsulating the OLED device 14; and an optically transparent desiccant layer 26 which is formed on a part of the encapsulation substrate 22 which is opposed to the OLED device 14.

Abstract: Novel liquid crystal display (LCD) structures for full-color liquid crystal displays using photoluminescent (PL) fibers. The new architectures simplify the LCD fabrication process by replacing complicated, time consuming photolithography steps for color filter fabrication to a low-cost, high-throughput fiber spinning technology. The new LCD architecture implementing the approach has a higher power efficiency than conventional LCDs. Three structures of LCD devices utilizing photoluminescent (PL) fiber arrays includes: a first structure having PL fiber arrays situated behind the LC shutter (relative to viewers); a second structure having PL fiber arrays situated on top of the LC shutter; and a third structure where the PL fiber arrays are located outside the LC cell. In one of these structures, the fibers not only photoluminesce, but also polarize incident light thus reducing LCD fabrication cost.