Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting untoward clinical states (e.g., hypoperfusion) and classifying patient state based on at least one calculated physiological parameter are provided. The patient state classification may be used by a physician to determine patient condition and relative risk to guide decision making during a procedure.

Abstract: The system and method for predicting and measuring a subject's analgesic state and analgesic adequacy. Biopotential signals are obtained from a subject through electrodes. A processor will compute a measure that is representative of the subject's sedative state and/or muscle activity. A metric representative of such measures is then determined. In the case where a measure is taken of both the subject's sedative state and muscle activity the two measures are combined into an index representative of the subject's analgesic state and analgesic adequacy.

Abstract: Systems and methods for assessing a patient's risk of poor outcome in real-time are provided. The real-time risk may be used by a physician to guide decision making during a procedure.

Abstract: The system and method for predicting and measuring a subject's analgesic state and analgesic adequacy. Biopotential signals are obtained from a subject through electrodes. A processor will compute a measure that is representative of the subject's sedative state and/or muscle activity. A metric representative of such measures is then determined. In the case where a measure is taken of both the subject's sedative state and muscle activity the two measures are combined into an index representative of the subject's analgesic state and analgesic adequacy.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting untoward clinical states (e.g., hypoperfusion) and classifying patient state based on at least one calculated physiological parameter are provided. The patient state classification may be used by a physician to determine patient condition and relative risk to guide decision making during a procedure.

Abstract: The system and method for predicting and measuring a subject's analgesic state and analgesic adequacy. Biopotential signals are obtained from a subject through electrodes. A processor will compute a measure that is representative of the subject's sedative state and/or muscle activity. A metric representative of such measures is then determined. In the case where a measure is taken of both the subject's sedative state and muscle activity the two measures are combined into an index representative of the subject's analgesic state and analgesic adequacy.

Abstract: The present invention is a system and method of deriving and computing features and indices that predict the likelihood of psychological and neurological adverse events such as suicidal thoughts and/or actions. The method of the present invention further predicts the likelihood of suicidal thoughts and/or actions prior to and or during treatment for psychological disease. To obtain such features and indices, power spectrum and time domain values are derived from biopotential signals acquired from the subject being tested. The system and method identify people who are likely to experience changing, especially worsening, symptoms of psychological and neurological adverse events such as suicidal thoughts or actions and who therefore may be at risk (e.g. suicide).

Abstract: Systems and methods for assessing a patient's risk of poor outcome in real-time are provided. The real-time risk may be used by a physician to guide decision making during a procedure.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of estimating cerebral sources of electrical activity from a small subset of EEG channels utilizing existing methods to provide a 3-dimensional, discrete, distributed, linear solution to the inverse problem using inputs consisting of a small number of EEG channels (e.g., 4 channels) augmented with synthetic EEG data for the other channels. The resultant image of cerebral electrical activity in the region of the EEG channels from which data is recorded is of comparable spatial resolution in the corresponding region to images of cerebral electrical activity obtained using a complete set of EEG channels (e.g., using 24 channels).

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method of assessing the efficacy of and predicting response to treatment of neurological or psychological disorders. The preferred embodiment uses at least two surface electrodes to acquire EEG signals from the surface of a patient's body, a processor for computing from the EEG signals various features and indices that are representative of the patient's neurological or psychological state. Pretreatment indices represent a patient's neurological or psychological state and therefore may be used to predict the response to treatment. Changes in these parameters may be used to assess the efficacy of treatment and to modify the treatment to optimize the resultant patient state.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method of assessing the efficacy of treatment of neurological or psychological disorders. The preferred embodiment uses at least two surface electrodes to acquire EEG signals from the surface of a patient's body, a processor for computing from the EEG signals various features and indices that are representative of the patient's neurological or psychological state. Changes in these parameters may be used to assess the efficacy of treatment and to modify the treatment to optimize the resultant patient state.

Abstract: The present invention is a system and method that produces features and indices that indicate the presence or absence of a disease or condition, or of the progression of a disease or condition. The system and method of the present invention also produce features and indices that predict responsiveness to medication from a premedication baseline. The system and method of the present invention further incorporates a testing methodology to improve the performance characteristics of the features or indices. To obtain such features and indices, time domain, power spectrum, bispectrum and higher order spectrum values are derived from biopotential signals taken from the subject being tested.

Abstract: A PTT monitoring system for measuring arousal and responses to stress or pain during sedation or anesthesia. includes ECG electrodes and a PPG probe connected to a computer via signal conditioning and digitizing hardware. Lead I is typically used as the ECG lead while the PPG probe is typically placed on a finger. The ECG and PPG waveforms are continuously analyzed to update and display a current estimate of the subject's PPT from heart to hand. For each cardiac cycle, fiducial points are identified to indicate the pulse onset time (via QRS detection in the ECG) and pulse arrival time (via the point of steepest ascent in the PPG). The onset and arrival times for each cardiac cycle are paired, and the time difference is the interval estimate for that beat. An artifact post-processor (e.g., trim-mean filtering) excludes unlikely intervals from entering the averaged, current estimate of PTT. Finally, the current PTT estimate is displayed numerically and the trend of PTT is updated every second.

Abstract: The present invention is a system and method that produces features and indices that indicate the presence or absence of a disease or condition, or of the progression of a disease or condition. The system and method of the present invention also produce features and indices that predict responsiveness to medication from a premedication baseline. The system and method of the present invention further incorporates a testing methodology to improve the performance characteristics of the features or indices. To obtain such features and indices, time domain, power spectrum, bispectrum and higher order spectrum values are derived from biopotential signals taken from the subject being tested.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode array (i.e., "sensor") and a method for separating near and far-field signals. In one embodiment a horizontal array is used, and in an alternate embodiment a vertical array is used. The electrode array consists of two well-separated pairs of closely spaced electrodes (and a separate ground element). In a typical application of collecting a channel of EEG, "sensing" electrodes are placed in standard locations (e.g., R and Ctr) with a ground electrode placed elsewhere on the head. The voltage measured between the well-separated sensing electrodes is the far-field dominant (i.e., EEG-dominant) channel. Additional electrodes are placed near each of the two sensing electrodes. (The additional electrodes are immediately lateral to the existing electrodes in the horizontal array, and are immediately above the existing electrodes in the vertical array.) The voltages measured between the pairs of closely spaced electrodes are near-field dominant (i.e., EMG/EOG-dominant) channels.

Abstract: The disclosed filter removes cardiac artifacts from signals representative of a patient's cerebral activity. The filter preferably replaces portions of the signal including artifacts with temporally adjacent artifact free portions.